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不同生境下锌镉在伴矿景天不同叶龄叶中的富集与分布特征

ISSN号：0253-9829
期刊名称：《土壤》
时间：0
分类：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]
作者机构：[1]安徽师范大学生命科学学院重要生物资源保护与利用安徽省重点实验室,安徽芜湖241000, [2]中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室（南京土壤研究所）,南京210008, [3]安徽宿州学院化学与生命科学系,安徽宿州234000
相关基金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目（KSCX2-YW-G053）、国家高技术研究发展计划项目（2006AA10ZA06）、国家自然科学基金项目（40621001）和中国科学院创新团队国际合作伙伴计划项目（CXTD-Z2005-4）资助.

作者：李思亮[1,2], 李娜[2], 徐礼生[3], 谭维娜[2], 周守标[1], 吴龙华[2], 骆永明[2]

关键词：伴矿景天, 叶龄, 锌, 镉, Sedum plumbizincicola, Leafage, Zinc, Cadmium

中文摘要：

田间试验、温室盆栽和生长室水培试验研究了Zn和Cd超富集植物伴矿景天不同叶龄叶片的Zn、Cd富集和分布特征。结果显示,田间条件下伴矿景天新叶中Cd浓度高于成熟叶、但新叶中Zn浓度低于成熟叶。温室盆栽试验发现,连续种植伴矿景天,第4季时低污染土壤（S1）上新叶中Zn浓度低于成熟叶,但高污染土壤（S4）上新叶中Zn浓度高于成熟叶;而到了第6季,S1、S4上新叶中Zn浓度均低于成熟叶,且在S1上两者达到显著水平;第4和第6季,伴矿景天新叶中Cd浓度始终高于成熟叶（除S1成熟叶中Cd浓度略高于新叶外）。水培试验结果发现,无论在高Zn（600μmol/L）、高Cd（100μmol/L）,还是低Zn（10μmol/L）、低Cd（1μmol/L）处理,新叶中Zn、Cd浓度均高于成熟叶;而且随着处理时间的延长,新叶和成熟叶中Zn、Cd浓度均明显上升。水培条件下,新叶和成熟叶中Zn最高分别为43107、33774mg/kg（以干重计）（600μmol/L,处理56天）;新叶和成熟叶中Cd的最高浓度分别为15057、9060mg/kg（以干重计）（100μmol/LCd,处理56天）。这些结果表明,Zn、Cd在伴矿景天新叶和成熟叶中富集和分布与其生长介质中Zn、Cd的浓度尤其是有效态浓度、处理时间及植物所处的生长阶段等有关,同时也表明Zn、Cd优先分布于新叶可能与伴矿景天超富集Zn、Cd的机制有关。

英文摘要：

Field plot experiment, pot trial and hydroponics culture were conducled to study the accumulation and distribution characters of Zn and Cd in the leaves of Sedum plumbizincicola at different ages. The results showed that young leaves had higher Cd concentrations than mature one when grew at field plot, but the situation was opposite for Zn. Glass house pot experiment results showed that for fourth extraction season, Zn concentrations appeared to be higher in mature leaves than young ones when Sedumplumbizincicola grew at low Zn and Cd contaminations soil （S1）, Zn concentrations in young leaves were higher than in mature one when plants grew at high Zn and Cd contamination soil （S4）. For the sixth extraction season, Zn concentrations in mature leaves were significantly higher than in young ones at both SI and S4. For both seasons, Cd concentrations in young leaves were significantly higher than in mature ones, except for the sixth extraction season of S1. Under hydroponics culture condition, Zn and Cd concentrations in young leaves were all higher than in mature ones. Cd and Zn concentrations in both mature and young leaves increased with incubation time, peaked at day 56 d, in mature and young leaves the highest concentrations of Zn were 43 107 and 33 774 mg/kg（DW）（600 μmol/L Zn） while and the highest concentrations of Cd were 15 057 and 9 060 mg/kg（DW）, respectively. These results showed that accumulation and distribution characters of Zn and Cd in young and mature leaves were related to Zn or Cd concentrations in growth medium, especially to soil available Zn or Cd concentrations, treated time of heavy metals, plant growth stage. Sedum plumbizincicola has preferential allocation habit of Zn and Cd into shoots, especially into young leaves.

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