中文摘要：

德国的小型和微型水电站达到了7 500座,占欧盟总数的34.4％.从《我的新农村梦》中大量实地考察的德国海登海姆布伦茨河上的18座小型和微型电站以及乌尔姆附近多瑙河上的4座电站出发,对德国发展小型和微型水电的总体情况、详细的装机容量分布情况和巴伐利亚州小型和微型水电发展的具体情况依据翔实的统计数据,对发达国家德国开发小型和微型水电的成功经验进行了详细的调查和分析.通过德国的关于小型和微型水电站的装机容量分布结构分析,指出了发展大水电突出的是发电、防洪、航运和生态保护等其他宏观效益;小型和微型水电的发电效益微不足道,加大对其的发展更应该关注的是通过推进水利设施的建设不仅可以对实现农业、农民和农村电气化和农业现代化（如分散式的小型和微型水电可以解决粮食主产区的生产设备配套动力问题）有积极的意义,同时通过对小型和微型水资源的保护、管理和调节,并最终实现保护生态和环境的微观效益;对小型和微型水电的容量估算,提出了具体的简化计算公式,并进一步分析了德国巴伐利亚州小型和微型水电的水头和流量参数分布和典型的低水头电站规划设计.还对德国小型和微型水电的最新发展趋势结合典型的案例进行了调查分析和介绍,为我国发展小型和微型水电以及相关产品研发提供积极的参考.

英文摘要：

There are around 7,500 small hydropower plants （SHP）, which takes 34. 4% of the total number of SHPs. This paper starts from the list of 18 SHPs on the Brenz River in Heidenheim, Germany and 4 Hydro-power Plants close to Ulm, Germany which was described detailedly in My Dream for the New Rural Village. According to the detailed statistic data, survey and analysis were made about the successful experience of Germany on developing small and micro hydro from general whole overview, the detailed distribution of installed capacity and specific status o{ Bayern state on the development of small and micro hydro. From the capacity structure of SHP in Germany, it is pointed out that compared with the benefits of power generation, flood control, navi gation and ecology protecting of large hydro, the development for the small and micro hydro shall more focuses on the protection, management and regulation of water resource of small and micro scale, and finally the realization of the ecology and environment pro- tection. A simplified formula for power estimation was derived, and with this formula, the head and discharge parameters of ＊he small and micro hydro in Bayern state and typical lower power plant arrangement were further analyzed. Some recent development trends in Germany was also introduced with some typical cases, in order to provide a positive reference for the development of small and micro hydro in China and the research and development of relevant products.