中文摘要：

为了了解不同地区银杏古树雄株的开花生物学特性,对中国主要银杏产区的33棵百年以上的银杏古树进行了调查分析,包括花药长、花药宽、花粉长、花粉宽、绝对出粉率和花粉生活力。研究结果表明：33个银杏古树雄株的花药长在1.53~3.17mm之间,平均为2.54mm;花药宽在0.63~1.55mm之间,平均为1.01mm;花粉长在29.52~36.82μm之间,平均为33.49μm;花粉宽在13.69~15.99μm之间,平均为15.23μm;花粉绝对出粉率在12.90%~36.65%之间,平均为23.66%;花粉生活力在53.77%~84.37%之间,平均为73.42%;除绝对出粉率外的其他上述指标方差分析结果表明,在不同单株间均达到极显著差异水平。综合分析的结果表明,2~4年生具花短枝上的花穗、单穗的花药数量、花穗长等性状指标可以作为衡量银杏雄株绝对出粉率的指标。

英文摘要：

To study the flowering biological character of ancient male ginkgo trees in the different areas, this sudy had investigated and analyzed 33 ancient male ginkgo trees which came from main distribution areas of Ginkgo Boliba L. in China, including the anther length, the width of anther, the length of pollen, the width of pollen, the ratio of pollen productivity and the vitality of pollen. The results showed that the anther length of 33 ancient male ginkgo trees ranged from 1.53 mm to 3.17 mm and the average number was 2.54 mm; the width of anther ranged from 0.63 mm to 1.55 mm and the average number was 1.01 mm; the length of pollen ranged from 29.52 μ m to 36.82 μ m and the average number was 33.49 μ m; the width of pollen ranged from 13.69 μ m to 15.99 μ m and the average number was 15.23 μ m; the ratio of pollen productivity ranged from 12.90% to 36.65% and the average number was 23.66% ; the vitality of pollen ranged from 53.77% to 84.37% and the average number was 73.42%; variance analysis indicated that differences in all indexes of among 33 ancient male ginkgo trees were significant at 0.01 level except for the ratio of pollen productivity. The result of correlation analysis showed that the number of flower spikes on short shoot, the anther number of flower spikesand the length of flower spikes could be used as indexes to evaluate the ratio of pollen productivity of male ginkgo trees.