中文摘要：

产业技术发展与科学前沿的联系日益紧密,在知识层面理解科学—技术关联、在个人层面理解科学家—技术专家的互动、在组织层面建立适当的大学—产业合作的激励机制,有助于推动技术创新过程,提高企业和国家的竞争力。对此主题的研究做了回顾。主要的结论有：在知识层面,地图理论可以解释科学—技术互动的机制;在个人层面,多面手理论提出了科学家和企业技术人员寻找合作伙伴的一种思路;在组织和国家层面,科学知识经济学探讨了为建立大学—产业联系创造良好的激励环境。但企业利用科学是一个需要突破各种困难和障碍的过程。

英文摘要：

Industrial technology has been more and more closely related with frontier sciences.There are three levels of linkages between science and industrial technology： knowledge,individual and organizational level.The paper reviewed the three levels of academic research in the last twenty years.We found,mapping theory is the cornerstone of knowledge level of linkage,theory of Jack-of-All-Trades works for individual level of linkages and finally,economics of sciences provides base for organizational level of linkage.But for enterprises to use science,it is a process of continuous barrier breaking.