中文摘要：

世界上第一个社会主义国家于1917年在苏维埃俄国诞生，至今几近一个世纪的发展历程，其间的发展充满了各种探索，为人类社会的发展方向开拓了崭新的领域。尤其是我国的从20世纪80年代以来的发展道路选择所取得的成就，不仅给世界带来了前所未有的机遇，也给世界带来了巨大的物质文明和精神文明。从经济人类学的视野出发，这些探索与发展模式，都是人类智慧的展现，也是人类社会发展道路的一种文化选择，或者是一种文化自觉。

英文摘要：

The first socialist country of Soviet Russia was born in the world in 1917. Up to the present, it has experienced almost one century in its development process, during which a variety of exploration has been carried out, which has opened up new fields for the development of human society. Since the 1980s, the achievements that China has made from the development plan have particular impression on the world. They have not only brought unprecedented chances for the world, but also brought the world an enormous amount of material and spiritual civilization. From the perspective of economic anthropology, the exploration and these development modes are the results from human wisdom. They are a cultural choice for the development of human society, or are a cultural consciousness.