中文摘要：

摆脱贫困仍然是我国政府21世纪决策中必须面对的一个重大问题。为此，我国政府先后出台多项扶贫政策，推行过各式各样的扶贫项目，然而，仍然有部分老少边穷地区“久扶不脱贫”，湖南省古丈县断龙山乡就是其中之一。目前，政府正在这里推行扩大烤烟种植扶贫项目，实地调查发现，这一扶贫项目存在诸多疏漏和缺陷。当地的土家族乡民在政府规划的扶贫项目之外，也在能动地探寻脱贫之路，尽管乡民的具体努力互有区别，但是在向传统生计回归这一点上却具有一致性。为此，调整扶贫思路，珍视扶贫对象的传统知识，关注贫困地区生态环境的特异性，显然是扶贫思路调整中有待重新认识的领域。

英文摘要：

Poverty-eradication is still a big challenge in the decision-making of our country in the 21st century. So the Chinese government has worked out a number of poverty-eradication policies and implemented various poverty-eradication projects. However, there has been little progress in some poor and border regions, one of which is Duanlongshan Township of Guzhang County in Hunan Province. At present, the local government is promoting the poverty-eradication project of flue-cured tobacco planting in this area. The field investigation has revealed that this project has quite a few defects. Be- sides the government poverty-eradication project, the local Tujia people also take initiative in finding some proper approaches to poverty-eradication. Though their efforts vary, they have the similarity of returning to the traditional livelihood. Thus, it is necessary to find workable approaches to poverty-e- radication and take into consideration of the traditional knowledge of the local people and the characteristics of the local eco-environment.