中文摘要：

应用自组织理论为指导思想,从绿洲的系统性、整体性、复杂性角度出发,以新疆为例进行实证分析,深入研究绿洲系统的发展特征与演化机制。分析结果表明：①自组织理论在解释绿洲复杂系统的发生、发展、演化过程方面是一种非常强大而有效的理论依据;②绿洲系统的发展是由干旱环境背景下的特殊自然地理要素的自发演化所构成的自组织与由人为进行的规划与干预所构成的他组织的复合发展过程;③）绿洲系统具有开放性、非平衡性、非线性、涨落等明显的自组织特征,有着从非组织到组织、从组织程度低到组织程度高、复杂度不断增长等自组织演化过程;④）绿洲系统中自组织与他组织的相互影响机制决定着绿洲系统运行态势及其特征。新疆绿洲系统发展的特征分析充分揭示并验证了绿洲系统的自组织与他组织特征与演化过程,充实了绿洲研究的理论体系及其内容,为提高我们对绿洲发展规律的认识、科学实施他组织、有效长期的组织绿洲,为正确引导绿洲系统发展过程与方向提供了科学的理论依据。

英文摘要：

Self-organization is a process where the organization of a system spontaneously increases without being controlled by the external system.As a new worldview for human to understand the universe and things,self-organization can be a very good explanation for the evolving process of complex systems.Constructed by numbers of sub-system and complex non-linear correlation between them,oasis system belongs to a typical self-organizing system.This paper analyzes the characteristics and evolving process of oasis system by applying self-organization theory through the case study from Xinjiang oasis system.The characteristics and working mechanisms of both the self-organizing and other-organizing process have been introduced to analyze the evolving process while putting the focus on self-organization.Results indicate that oasis system has the obvious features of self-organizing system such as being open,non-balanced,non-linear and fluctuation.Self-organizing process in oasis system spontaneously takes place by three steps,from non-organization to organization,from low level of organization to high level organization and constant increment of complexity.These three process manifested respectively in the spontaneous formation of oasis in a proper environment,proliferation and atrophy of oasis scale and evolution of oasis function and structure.Evolution of oasis system is a compound and complex process which is constructed by the self-organization based on natural factors and other-organization implemented by human activities.The operational status and characteristics of oasis system at a certain time period depends on the relationship and interacting mechanism between self-organization and other-organization.They have three types of possible influence.Firstly,the development of oasis system can be increased to a great degree with the assistance of other organization measures during the process of self-organization.In this case,oasis system will tend to reinforce itself,but close attention must be paid in order to avoid caus