中文摘要：

【目的】研究生理型雄性不育小麦花粉细胞内微丝和胼胝质的结构及其相关基因的表达,并揭示其与生理型雄性不育的关系,为进一步研究化学杂交剂SQ-1诱导小麦生理型雄性不育的机理提供一定的理论依据。【方法】以化学杂交剂SQ-1诱导的生理型雄性不育系ms（A）-西农1376及对应正常可育系（A）-西农1376为试材,用TRITC-phalloidin标记细胞内微丝,苯胺蓝标记胼胝质,q RT-PCR技术分别对肌动蛋白解聚因子Ta ADF（Actin depolymerizing factor）、类葡聚糖合成酶Ta GSL（Glucan synthase-like）进行差异表达分析。【结果】（1）在减数分裂前期Ⅰ、中期Ⅰ、后期Ⅰ这3个时期,生理型雄性不育系花粉细胞的微丝结构与可育系没有显著差异：前期Ⅰ,微丝分布于整个细胞质中,细胞核区域也可见少量微丝环绕细胞核;中期Ⅰ,微丝分布在细胞质中,在形成纺锤体部位染色更深,形成纺锤体微丝,由细胞两极发出的纺锤体微丝伸向赤道板;后期Ⅰ,在向两极移动的染色体的中间部位染色较深,微丝分布较多。（2）在早末期Ⅰ,与可育系相比,不育系花粉细胞没有形成清晰且明显可见的中国灯笼状成膜体微丝结构,且在细胞中线部位亦没有清晰可见的微丝累积。（3）晚末期Ⅰ,可育系花粉细胞在形成细胞板的部位是线性的、平滑的,成膜体微丝消失,而不育系花粉细胞在形成细胞板的部位形成了很大的缝隙,同时,可育系胼胝质在细胞板处的沉积比较平滑,而不育系胼胝质在细胞板处的沉积较可育系相比缺乏,并且是褶皱的、有裂纹的。（4）四分体时期,可育系花粉可见围绕细胞核的辐射状微丝,不育系花粉细胞中微丝呈模糊状态,并且不育系中胼胝质染色的整体荧光强度较可育系减弱。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析肌动蛋白解聚因子Ta ADF和类葡聚糖合成酶Ta GSL在减数分裂期的相对表达量,结果发

英文摘要：

【Objective】The organization of actin filaments and callose and the expression of related genes in physiological male sterility wheat pollen cells were studied to reveal the relationship between actin filaments and callose and pollen abortion in physiological male sterility wheat. The results of the study will provide a theoretical basis for further study on the mechanism of male sterility induced by chemical hybridizing agents SQ-1 in wheat. 【Method】The physiological male sterility line ms（A）-Xinong1376 and corresponding normal fertile wheat（A）-xinong1376 were used as test materials. The TRITC-phalloidin was used to stain actin filaments and Aniline blue was used to stain callose. QRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of Ta ADF（Actin depolymerizing factor） and Ta GSL（Glucan synthase-like）.【Result】At prophase I, metaphase I, and anaphase I, there were no significant differences between physiological male sterility and male fertility. At prophase I, actin filaments distributed in cytoplasm of the cell and there was also distribution of some actin filaments in nuclear zone. At metaphase I, actin filaments distributed in cytoplasm. They were stained deeper in the spindle position and formed actin spindle. At anaphase I, actin filaments between the poles of the chromosomes were stained deeper, so there were more actin filaments distributed there. At early telophase I, we observed that there were no sharp actin filaments at leading edges of phragmoplasts and the overlapped actin filaments at midline were obscure in physiological male sterility. At late telophase I, there was a cell plate at the midline of phragmoplasts, it was linear and smooth, but in the physiological male sterile line, the linear cell plate was not seen, the midzone of dyads was hollow. At the same time, the deposition of callose on the cell plate was insufficient and the cell plate was wrinkled and cleft. At tetrad, actin filaments were obscure and had no silky feeling and callose fluorescence was weaker in the phys