中文摘要：

为进一步探讨小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）T型细胞质雄性不育（T-CMS）育性恢复的遗传机理,并为利用T型不育系选育强优势杂交小麦分子辅助育种提供理论与技术支撑,本研究以小麦ms（S）矮抗58/R113的F2代分离群体中的极端可育株和极端不育株分别建立恢复池和不育池,采用分布于小麦第一染色体群（染色体1A、1B和1D）及第六染色体群（染色体6A、6B和6D）上的196对SSR引物进行扩增筛选.结果表明,（1）位于1AS染色体上的3个SSR标记和位于6BS染色体上的4个SSR标记均在亲本和基因池间扩增出了稳定的多态性差异条带;（2）定位群体验证结果表明,恢复基因Rf1与1AS染色体上Xgwm136、Xgpw7062和Xgdm33标记的遗传距离分别为4.8、9.6和13.7 cM,3个标记与Rf1之间的顺序依次为Xgdm33、Xgwm136、f1、Xgpw7062; （3）恢复基因Rf4与6BS染色体上的Xgpw1079、Xgwm193、Xgpw7011和Xgwm508标记的遗传距离分别为3.4、6.8、13.7和21.5 cM,4个标记与Rf4之间的顺序依次为Xgpw 011、Xgpw1079、Rf4、Xgwm19和Xgwm508.研究还表明,T-CMS恢复系R113的育性是由Rf1和f4两对主效恢复基因和多对微效基因共同控制的,筛选的上述7个SSR标记可直接用于T型或者类似T型,如S型杂交小麦分子标记辅助育种,可有效提高对应恢复系的选择效率.

英文摘要：

In order to explore the fertility characteristics of Triticum timopheevii cytoplasmic male sterility（T- CMS）, and to furtherly provide the theoretical and technical support for taking advantage of T-type sterile lines to breed hybrid wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） by using molecular assisted breeding, restorer and sterile DNA pools were established using the extremly sterile and fertile plants among the F2 population of ms（S） Aikang 58/R113, respectively. A hundred and nity six sets of SSR markers which were located on the 1st and 6th chromosome groups were screened for polymorphism between the 2 parents. The results showed that 3 markers which located on the chromosome 1AS and 4 markers which located on the chromosome 6BS were found to be amplified stably polymorphic bands between the parents and the 2 gene pools. Linkage analysis indicated that the microsatellite locus Xgwm136, Xgpw7062 and Xgdm33 located on chromosome 1AS were found to be linked to the restorer gene Rfl with the estimated genetic distance of 4.8, 9.6 and 13.7 cM, respectively, with an order of Xgdm33, Xgwm136, Rfl and Xgpw7062. Xgpw1079, Xgwm193, Xgpw7011 and Xgwm508 located on chromosome 6BS were found to be linked to the restorer gene Rf4 with the estimated genetic distance of 3.4, 6.8, 13.7 and 21.5 cM, respectively, with an order of Xgpw7011, Xgpw1079, Rf4, Xgwm193 and Xgwm508. The result also showed that the fertility of T-CMS restorer Rl13 in wheat was mainly influenced by 2 major fertility restorer genes（Rfl and Rf4） and some minor enhance genes of fertility. The breeding for new fertility restorer lines of T-CMS（or S-CMS） in wheat would be facilitated by using the seven SSR markers, which can effectively improve the selection efficiency of the corresponding restorer.