中文摘要：

【目的】研究小麦遗传型雄性不育系花药绒毡层降解及营养物质代谢，并揭示其与花粉败育的关系。【方法】以小麦S型1376不育系[（S）-1376（A）]及其保持系[（A）-1376（B）]为试材，在三核期分别用DAPI和KI-I2对花粉粒内淀粉积累进行染色观察；采用半薄切片技术对不育系（S）-1376和保持系1376绒毡层发育过程及多糖、脂类和蛋白等物质积累进行观察和比较；采用软件cellSenSEntry和IPP6．O分别计算图片中小孢子和绒毡层细胞的面积及分析各发育时期图像中的平均光密度值。【结果】与保持系1376比较，（S）-1376花粉粒被KI-I2染成浅黄色，表明三核期其花粉中无淀粉积累，花粉败育彻底；不育系（S）-1376绒毡层较保持系1376绒毡层细胞提前至四分体时期启动细胞程序化死亡（PCD）过程；不育系（S）-1376花粉核发育迟缓，大多发育至单核晚期停止分裂，仅少数可发育至二核期；（S）-1376小孢子在四分体时期和单核早期显著增大；绒毡层细胞在四分体时期也显著大于保持系1376绒毡层细胞。在（S）-1376花粉的发育过程中，除四分体时期外，其余各时期多糖含量（呈红色）均低于保持系对应的各发育时期，不育系（S）-1376绒毡层中多糖在四分体时期多于保持系，在单核早期显著降低。在花粉整个发育过程中，不育系（S）-1376花粉中被染成黑色脂类的含量明显低于保持系，不育系绒毡层中的脂类含量在各个时期也低于保持系。不育系（S）-1376小孢子母细胞四分体时期被染成蓝色的蛋白含量很高，但单核晚期显著降低；在绒毡层细胞中单核早期蛋白含量显著低于保持系，这可能暗示该时期保持系绒毡层开始启动降解。在花粉发育整个过程中保持系1376小孢子母细胞中四分体时期多糖和蛋白的含量都低于不育系（S）-1376，这可能与该时期不育系绒毡层?

英文摘要：

[ Objective] The aim of the experiment is to explore the relationship between tapetum degradation and nutrient metabolism in anther and pollen abortion in CMS of wheat. [Method] Wheat S-1376A CMS [（S）-1376 （A） ] and its maintainer line [（A）-1376 （B） ] were used as test materials. The development condition of the nucleus of pollens at tricellular was surveyed through dyed by DAPI, and stained by KI-I2 to observe the starch accumulated in pollens at tricellular. Semi-thin sectioning was employed to observe and compare tapetum development process, polysaccharides, lipids and proteins accumulation in the sterile line and maintainer line. The cell Sene Entry was utilized to collect images and to calculate the area of the microspores and the tapetum cells in the section. IPP 6.0 was adopted to analyze the mean optical density and IOD at each stage in 1376 and （S）-1376. [Result] The data demonstrated that in （S）-1376, compared with 1376, the tapetum cells in advance degradated at the tetrad stage, and the pollen nucleus development was retarded, the majority of which merely developed the late uninucleate. Pollens were dyed yellow by KI-I2 at tricellular in （S）-1376, which certified there was no starch present in the pollens result in them thorough abortion. Area of the microspores and the tapetum cells in the section was extremely huge at the tetrad in （S）-1376. In （S）-1376, compared with 1376, a great number of starches and proteins accumulated in microspores at the tetrad stage, but from late uninucleate stage this situation undergone dramatic difference that the starches and proteins significantly decreased; whereas the lipids were significantly poorer in each period. In （S）-1376, polysaccharides and proteins were significantly higher than 1376 in the tapetum in tetrad, however, polysaccharides were less in early uninucleate and proteins were low in late uninucleate, respectively. Notably, lipids were lower in each period in the tapetum in （S）-1376. The contents of polys