中文摘要：

为更好地揭示粘类小麦细胞质雄性不育系（CMS）的恢复性能、杂种优势和细胞质效应,以推动三系杂交小麦的生产应用,以4类19种异质粘类小麦CMS为母本,与系列恢复系亲本进行不完全双列杂交,获得248个互为同核异质、同质异核、异质异核的杂种F1,对粘类小麦CMS的恢复规律等进行了研究。结果表明：（1）影响粘类CMS恢复性能的主要因素是恢复系、不育系核型、不育系胞质类型,三因素对恢复度的影响表现为：恢复系〉不育系核型〉不育系胞质类型;（2）粘类CMS与系列恢复系的杂种F1穗长、分蘖均值分别为其亲本的1.129倍和1.273倍,具有很强的杂种优势,株高为亲本的0.997倍,具有一定的负向优势;（3）对粘类小麦CMS产生单倍体的影响表现为：不育系核型〉不育系胞质类型〉恢复系,单倍体产生程度与不育系核型和不育系胞质类型相关,单倍体产生频率只和不育系核型直接相关,单倍体产生频率与单倍体产生的严重程度没有直接关系,利用特定不育系核型可有效避免产生单倍体。

英文摘要：

In orde to reveal the fertility restoration performance,heterosis and cytoplasm effect of Nian-type male sterile wheat lines,and to promote the application of three-line hybrid wheat in production,nineteen male sterile wheat lines of four kinds of Nian-type alloplasms were used as female parents,248 hybrid F1 were obtained through crossing with series of restorer lines（r-line）,which were either isonuclear-alloplasmic or isocytoplasmic-heteronuclear.The restoration,heterosis performance,as well as the cytoplasm effect of Nian-type wheat male sterile lines were investigated.The result indicated that,（1） the primary factors influencing the restoring degree of Nian-type male sterile wheat line were restorer line,karyotype of male-sterile line and the cytoplasm type of male-sterile line,in order.Among the restorer lines used,Abo,5166,xiaoyan22,xiaoyan6 and 518,the qinlong126 were the good r-lines for Nian-type male-sterile wheat lines.The karyotype of 90-110 had a higher restoring degree than the others.（2）Nian-type male-sterile wheat line was good breeding material with widespread and obvious heterosis in F1 with series r-line.Strong heterosis were observed in ear length,average tillering number of F1,which were 1.129 times and 1.273 times higher than the restorer line,respectively.（3） The haploid of Nian-type sterile wheat line by cytoplasm effect was the result of comprehensive interactions among the karyotype of male-sterile line,the cytoplasm types of male-sterile line and the r-line.Among which,the effect in order was karyotype of male-sterile line cytoplasm types of male-sterile line r-line.The degree of haploid were related with the karyotype of male-sterile line and the cytoplasm types of male-sterile line,but the frequency of haploid only directly related with the karyotype of male-sterile line.There was no correlation between the serious degree of haploid and the the frequency of haploid.The Ven cytoplasm type of male-sterile line had the lowest haploid frequency,but combined with the specif