中文摘要：

灰锡问题早在一百多年前就引起了人们的关注，经研究发现灰锡转变的实质为β-Sn向α-Sn的同素异构转变。Sn基焊料中所添加的合金元素或所含杂质对该转变的发生有着重要的影响，其它的影响因素还有外部约束、冷加工和温度等。但各因素的影响机理仍不是很明晰，同时无铅焊料中的灰锡转变问题仍有待进一步的研究。

英文摘要：

The problem about gray tin has been concerned by people over hundred years ago. The physical nature of that is the allotropic transition from 13 - Sn to ct - Sn in tin or tin - rich alloys. The alloying additions or impurity play an important role on this transition occurring. Other effects elements include external constraints, cold -roll, temperature and others. But as so far, the effeet mechanisms of each factor have not been well understood,and the gray tin problem in lead- free solders still needs further research.