中文摘要：

15世纪上半叶举行的一系列宗教会议是教会大分裂之后恢复教会秩序的重要举措,期间教会改革的议题也再度成为焦点。在这个语境下,15世纪德意志知识分子以＂德意志民族＂怨情陈述方式要求教会改革,其目的在于反对来自罗马教会各种名目的税收。15世纪末至16世纪初伴随着帝国政治制度改革,德意志人文主义者、知识分子利用神话传说,追溯历史,有意识地在政治宣传中,进一步发展了＂德意志民族＂的概念。但这个过程是＂自上而下＂的,只有在共同抵御外在威胁时,＂德意志民族＂的概念对于诸侯领地政府才有价值。宗教改革早期,特别是路德本人的＂德意志民族＂的概念正是在这个语境与政治背景下阐述出来的。

英文摘要：

The early 15 th century saw a series of religious conferences and topics on the church reform,which were a major means for restoring the church order after the dramatic disintegration of the church. In this context,the German intellectuals required the church reform through advocating the concept of the ＂German nation＂,which aimed to refuse different taxes imposed by the Roman Church.The late 15 th century and the early 16 th century saw the reform of the imperial political system,and some German humanists and intellectuals consciously developed the concept of the＂German nation＂through their explanation of myths,legends,histories and politics.Because this was a＂top-down＂process,the concept of the＂German nation＂was workable to vassal states only when they got united to fight against the external threats. The concept of the＂German nation＂,especially that proposed by Martin Luther,was formed in this political context.