中文摘要：

目的分析中重度高血压患者上呼吸道感染的病原菌分布及耐药性，为临床合理使用抗菌药物治疗提供参考。方法选择2010年3月-2012年3月收治的100例高血压合并上呼吸感染的患者，采用DL-Btt1122全自动血培养系统进行细菌分离与培养。结果100例患者中共检出病原菌127株，其中革兰阳性菌23株占18．11％，以金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌及粪肠球菌为主，分别占7．08％、3．94％及2．36％；革兰阴性菌104株占81．89％，以肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌为主，分别占25．20％、14．96％和11．81％；革兰阳性菌耐药率〉80．00％的抗菌药物有头孢唑林、磺胺甲嗯唑／甲氧苄啶、左氧氟沙星和氟氯西林，而对头孢唑肟和万古霉素耐药率较低，分别为33．33％和0；革兰阴性菌对美罗培南、头孢曲松、头孢唑林耐药率较高，分别为92．86％、78．95％、89．48％，而对庆大霉素耐药率较低38．46％。结论临床上需要将高血压患者发生上呼吸道感染作为医院感染监控的重点；一旦发生感染，明确感染的病原菌，选择敏感抗菌药物进行治疗，此外还需要加强医院抗菌药物的使用管理。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To analyze pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance in patients with moderate and severe hypertension of upper respiratory tract infections, so as to provide the reference for clinical reasonable use of antibiotics for treatment. METHODS In our hospital, 100 cases of hypertension complicated with upper respiratory infection from Mar. 2010 to Mar. 2012 admitted to our hospital were selected and treated by full- automatic blood culture system DL-Bt1122 to isolate and culture pathogenic bacteria. RESULTS A total of 127 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected from 100 patients, including gram positive bacteria 23 strains （18. 11%）, among which Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis were the top three, accounting for 7. 08%, 3.94%, 2.36%, respectively. Gram negative bacteria 104 strains（81.89%）, among which Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the top three, accounting for 25. 20%, 14. 96%, 11. 81%, respectively. Drug resistance rates of gram positive bacteria to cefazolin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, levofloxacin and flucloxaeiliin were higher than 80. 00%, while to ceftizoxime and vancomycin were lower, accounting for 33.33% and 0 respectively. Drug resistance rates of gram negative bacteria to meropenem （92.86%）, ceftriaxone （78.95%） and cefazolin（89.48%） were higher, while to gentamicin（38.46 %） was low. CONCLUSION The clinical need to treat upper respiratory tract infections occurred in hypertensive patients as a key monitoring of hospital infections. Once the infection occurs, the pathogenic bacteria of this infection should be clear and sensitive antibiotics should be used for treatment. In addition, management of antibiotics using in hosnital should be strengthened.