中文摘要：

【目的】研究鲜橘皮表面真菌群落结构多样性,为探讨橘皮经贮藏陈化为陈皮真菌群落的变化奠定基础。【方法】在广东、四川、广西、江西、重庆5个柑橘主产地采集橘栽培变种茶枝柑、大红袍等的鲜橘皮,在Illumina Hi Seq平台上扩增橘皮表面真菌ITS区进行高通量测序,分析真菌物种注释及丰富度,并应用α与β多样性分析（Alpha＆Beta diversity）对真菌群落结构组成进行分析。【结果】8批橘皮样品的有效序列可分类至35个属,不同产地茶枝柑、大红袍等品种橘皮表面真菌群落由7类真菌群落组成,种类一致,其中担孢酵母属（Erythrobasidium）、青霉属（Penicillium）、曲霉属（Aspergillus）、红酵母属（Rhodotorula）、球腔菌属（Mycosphaerella）为最大相对丰度排名前5的属,首次在橘皮表面发现枝氯霉属和短梗霉属真菌。【结论】明确了橘皮表面真菌群落结构组成,为橘皮在贮藏过程中真菌群落变化与药材品质变化相关性研究奠定基础。

英文摘要：

[Objective] To study the structural diversity of the fungal communities on the surface of fresh citrus peel, with an aim to establish foundation for exploring the changes of the fungal community when the citrus peel became the citri reticulatae pericarpium （CRP） during storage and aging. [Methods] The fresh citrus peel from the Citrus cultivar -Citrus reticulata ＇Chachi＇ and Citrus reticulata ＇Dahongpao＇ was collected from 5 main citrus origins, namely, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Chongqing. The fungal internal transcribed spacer （ITS） domain on the citrus peel surface was amplified on the Illumina HiSeq platform for high-throughout sequencing for the first time, the species annotations and abundance of the fungi were analyzed, and the structural composition of the fungal communities was analyzed based on the analysis of Alpha ＆ Beta diversity. [Results] The effective sequences of the 8 citrus peel samples could be classified into 35 genera. The fungal communities on the citrus peel surface of cultivars like ＇Chachi＇ and ＇Dahongpao＇ with various origins were consistently made up of 7 genera, among which, Erythrobasidium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Rhodotorula, Mycosphaerella were the top 5 genera in terms of the maximum relative abundance. In addition, it was the first time to discover Aureobasidium and Ramichloridium on citrus peel surface. [Conclusion] This research had determined the structural composition of the citrus peel surface fungal communities, which had established foundation for the correlation research on the fungal community changes and the quality changes of the crude medicine during the storage of citrus peel.