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中文摘要：
用随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术对长兴岛刀鲚（Coilia ectenes）38个个体的遗传多样性进行了检测，从40个随机引物中筛选出13个对刀鲚的DNA进行扩增，结果为：13个引物共检测到112条清晰且重复性好的条带，分子质量在200～2000bp之间，其中多态位点为74个，占66．07％；群体的Shannon多样性指数为0．3164，Nei基因多样性指数为0．2075，结果表明中国刀鲚遗传多样性处于较高水平。刀鲚成熟年龄早，对产卵条件要求不甚严格，产卵率和孵化率都比较高，具有较强的种群恢复能力；另外，由于长江中下游和湖泊刀鲚的捕食者和饵料竞争者的减少，客观上为刀鲚提供了良好的繁殖和幼鱼索饵条件，因此，结合刀鲚自身的生物学特征及生活环境特点，采取合理的保护和管理措施，中国刀鲚资源有望得到恢复。
英文摘要：
The random amplified polymorphic DNA（RAPD） analysis was used to estimate genetic diversity of Coilla ectenes caught in Changxing Island. Using 13 decamer random primers, 112 clear and reproducible RAPD sites were detected in total of 38 individuals. Among the 112 sites, 74（66.07 % ） of them was polymorphic and their molecular weight varied from 200 to 2 500 base pairs. Genetic diversity quantified by Shannon Index varied from 0. 205 9 to 0. 535 8 with an average of 0. 316 4. The index of Nei＇s gene diversity was 0. 207 5. Results of RAPD analysis suggested that the genetic diversity of C. ectenes was in a much higher state. C. ectenes had the characteristics of early maturity, low demand for spawning conditions, high rates of spawning and hatching. At the same time, the hunters and competitor of C. ectenes were decreasing in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River and lakes, which supplied an upstanding condition for C. ectenes to reproduce and search food. Combining the biological characteristics and its habitation of C. ectenes with reasonable measure to protect and manage C. ectenes, its resource quantity would be recovered.
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