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中文摘要：
为了证明吉米奇类表面活性剂三烷基聚氧乙烯基三季铵盐（TPQAC）对粘土改性的有效性，利用UV-1100紫外可见分光光度计对其在2种粘土高岭土和膨润土上的吸附行为进行了研究，发现其在2min内基本可以达到吸附平衡，吸附模式较好的符合双表面Langmuir吸附等温线，吸附量大，经红外分析发现其可以对粘土进行有效改性．作为一种改性粘土在用于赤潮治理之前，有必要对改性剂本身对赤潮藻的灭杀作用以及改性粘土对赤潮藻的去除效果进行研究，为此选择了3种常见的赤潮藻进行了灭杀实验，并对不同比例的改性粘土对赤潮藻的去除情况进行了比较，结果表明，TPQAC用量在2mg／L时24h内几乎可以100％的灭杀赤潮藻，粘土与改性剂比例为14左右时对赤潮藻的去除效果最好．同时为了弄清TPQAC在治理赤潮的实际应用中对养殖生物可能造成的危害，选用了黑褐新糠虾为代表性养殖生物，对其48h急性毒性情况进行了研究，并且室内模拟研究了改性粘土在去除赤潮藻的过程中可能对养殖生物造成的影响，实验发现粘土改性剂对黑褐新糠虾48h半致死浓度为16．7mg／L，改性粘土在去除赤潮藻的同时没有对养殖生物造成明显的毒害作用．
英文摘要：
Systematic study of the sorption behavior of Gemini surfactant trialkyl-polyoxyethenyl quaternary ammonium compound （TPQAC） on kaolin and bentonite was carried out by UV-1100 spectrophntometer in order to verify the effectivity of TPQAC as the reagent for clay modification. The results show that the isotherms of its sorption can be described very well by the doable-surface Langmuir isotherm, the rate of its sorption on kaolin and bentonite is very fast, it can reach equilibration in one or two minutes, and its saturate serption amount is much enough to be used to modify clays. The eradicative effect of TPQAC on three kinds of algae was studied to find out its toxicity, it can be seen that at 2 mg/L concentration it can perish algae in 24 h. The study of different organo-clay＇ s algae removal ability show that their removal efficiency can reach 90% at the concentration of 20 - 30 mg/L, and the best removal efficiency occurs at the proportion of 14 between clays and TPQAC. The toxicity of TPQAC and the influence of clays modified by it on Neomysis awatschensis were examined and the eco-effects of organo-clays were discussed to determine their mischief on mariculture animals. The LC50 of TPQAC to Neomysis awatschensis is 16.7 mg/L, its toxicity is 30 times lower than the conventional ones, and clays modified by this type of surfactant do not evidently influence the mariculture when they are used in removing red tide organisms.
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