中文摘要：

本文利用第一次全国经济普查的企业微观数据研究中国私营企业生产率的异质性对吸收外资溢出的影响。我们发现：（1）企业层面外资份额及其控股与否对企业生产率的积极影响随生产率水平递增；（2）私营企业存在着吸收外资水平溢出和后向溢出的生产率“门槛”效应，即吸收能力的差别；（3）下游外资控股企业的溢出促进了上游大部分私营企业的生产率，而非外资控股的合资企业则对上游生产率较低的私营企业有负的净效应。私营企业面临的外资竞争格局正从各方面形成，而私营部门内部生产能力分化也日渐明显。

英文摘要：

Using firm-level data from the first national economic census, this paper explores the impacts of productivity heterogeneities on firms＇ absorption of FDI spillovers. We find that foreign presence in a firm has a positive effect on its productivity. A threshold effect of productivity is found for private firms to absorb horizontal and backward spillovers from FDI. Finally, spillovers from downstream foreign-owned firms increase most upstream private firms＇ productivity, while non-foreign-owned joint ventures in the downstream sectors has a negative impact on upstream firms with low productivity