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中文摘要：
基于强迫换流原理的混合型直流真空断路器是直流开断技术的有效方式之一,其参数设计及开断能力与电弧形态演化密切相关。利用可拆卸真空灭弧室,对直径为45？mm的CuCr50平板触头,在1~8？kA的近似恒定直流条件下分离过程中真空电弧的形态演化规律和电弧电压特性进行了研究。实验结果表明：触头分离初期,电弧集聚在电弧引燃处;随着开距的增加,电弧逐渐扩散。当电流小于5？kA时,电弧始终呈扩散型,电弧电压噪声较小;当电流大于5？kA,电弧能扩散到整个触头表面,但电弧初始引燃处多发展成阳极亮斑,且燃弧时间大于1.5？ms后,电弧电压噪声分量急剧增加。实验结果可以用于指导混合型直流真空负荷开关的设计。
英文摘要：
Hybrid DC vacuum circuit breaker（HDCVCB） based on forced commutation principle is effective for DC current interruption. And its parameter design as well as interrupting capacity is closely related to the variations of arc modes. A demountable vacuum chamber was used to study the variation principle and the voltage characteristics of arcs, on a diameter of 45？ mm CuCr50 butt contacts, under condition of approximate dc currents up to 8？ kA. Experiment results show that the arcs stayed on the rupture point after the contact separation, before they gradually spread outward with the increasing of gap. When the current was under 5？ kA, the arc appeared as diffused and the noise of arc voltage was low; when the current exceeded 5？ kA, the arc also could cover the whole surface of the contact, but the arc ignition points mostly developed into anode bright spot, whereby after the arcing time 1.5？ ms, the voltage noise increased sharply. The experiment results provide some guidance for hybrid DC vacuum circuit breaker design.
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