中文摘要：

背景：在哺乳动物脑中主要表达的水通道蛋白是水通道蛋白1、水通道蛋白4和水通道蛋白9，其他的仅为零星表达。目前国内外尚未见到系统分析维持脑正常生理功能的水通道蛋白分布、功能及其调节机制的综述报道。 目的：综述近年国内外维持脑正常生理功能的水通道蛋白分布、功能及其调节机制的研究进展。 方法：应用计算机检索1980年1月至2013年7月PubMed数据库、中国期刊全文数据库有关脑正常生理功能维持中水通道蛋白分布、功能及其调节机制的文章，英文检索词＂AQP1, AQP4，AQP9, function, brain, adjusting mechanism＂；中文检索词＂水通道蛋白，功能，脑，调节机制＂。共检索到163篇相关文献，85篇文献符合纳入标准。 结果与结论：近年来，有大量学者对脑水通道蛋白的表达、功能及其调节机制进行了较深层次的研究，具体归纳为如下3个方面：①水通道蛋白1主要表达于脑室脉络丛参与脑脊液的形成；在其他类型的细胞中，气体小分子CO2，NO，NH3 及O2也可通过水通道蛋白1。②水通道蛋白4主要表达在胶质细胞足突、胶质界膜以及室管膜中，帮助水进出脑组织，并加速胶质细胞迁移及改变神经活动。③水通道蛋白9主要分布于星形胶质细胞及儿茶酚胺等神经元中，主要功能是参与脑内能量代谢。水通道蛋白被认为是对脑中水运输提供关键路径的主要水通道，有关水通道蛋白分布、功能及调控机制的研究对于攻克脑相关疾病起重要作用。水通道蛋白在维持脑正常生理及相关疾病中表达的调节机制尚未明晰，相关分子信号通路尚待更加深入、系统地研究。

英文摘要：

BACKGROUND： The aquaporin （AQP）, mainly AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9, are expressed in mammalian brain, while the others are sporadically expressed. There is no evidence concerning the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP in the brain. OBJECTIVE： To comprehensively analyze the research progress of the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP in maintaining normal physiological function of the brain. METHODS： An online retrieval of PubMed database and CNKI database between January 1980 and July 2013 was performed for articles on the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP, with the key words of ＂AQP1, AQP4, AQP9, function, brain, adjusting mechanism＂ in English and Chinese. A total of 163 papers were screened out and 85 of them met the inclusive criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： The existing studies about the expression, function and regulating mechanism of AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9 in the brain can be summarized as the following three aspects： （1） AQP1 is expressed in the choroid plexus and participates in forming cerebrospinal fluid; in other types of cells, gas micromolecules CO2, NO, NH3 and O2 also cross through AQP1. （2） AQP4 is mainly expressed in the astrocytes, ependymal foot process and gelatin membranes, which can help the water in and out of the brain tissue, accelerate glial cell migration and change neural activity. （3） AQP9 is mainly distributed in astrocytes and catecholamine neurons, the main function is involved in energy metabolism in the brain. Therefore, AQP is the key for water transport in the brain. Understanding the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP will play an important role in the treatment of brain diseases. The regulatory mechanism on the expression of AQPs in normal pathology and related disease remains unclear and related molecular signal pathway needs further exploration.