Urbanization in essence is people’s urbanization. China’s urbanization can be mainly characterized by a gradual rural-urban migration along with economic and social development, and the emergence of 'semi-urbanized population,' who are like 'migratory birds.' The quality of urbanization should be tested and judged from the effects of the urbanization process. Based on China’s basic national conditions, the key to improving the quality of urbanization is to reform the institutional aspects of the dual urban-rural structure and to carefully design various policies.