中文摘要：

社会建设和生态文明建设中，历史维度是不可或缺的一环，流域管理亦然。通过对河西走廊近代水资源开发利用历史的回顾，分析了甘肃省河西走廊地区石羊河、疏勒河及讨赖河流域的水资源开发利用、社会经济发展和流域管理的演变，重点探讨了河西走廊地区历史上形成的“以时分水”的时间水权制度的运行情况、人类活动影响下流域水循环特征变化导致时间水权制度失效的机理，以及讨赖河流域传统分水模式与现代水利制度衔接的现实需求与可能方式。研究认为，在历史维度下进行流域管理问题研究，对于深入认识河西走廊水环境演化规律、深刻理解水资源开发利用管理问题的现实内涵、科学制定传统水资源管理与现实发展要求衔接的可行方案具有重要意义。

英文摘要：

Historical dimension is indispensable in the social and ecological civilization development, especially in the watershed management. In this paper, the modern history of the development and utilization of water resources in Hexi Corridor was illustrated, and the historical evolution processes of development and utilization of water resources, socio-economic development,and watershed management in the Shiyang River Basin, Shule River Basin, and Taolai River Basin in Hexi Corridor of Gansu prov- ince were analyzed. Moreover, the evolution of duration-based water rights in Hexi Corridor and the mechanisms of invalidation of duration-based water rights due to the variation of hydrological cycle characteristics under human activities were discussed, as well as the current demand and possible solutions of combining the traditional water distribution method and modern water conservancy system in the Taolai River Basin. The results showed that the research of watershed management under historical dimension is of important significance to the in-depth research of the evolution of water environment in Hexi Corridor, to the understanding of realistic connotation of the development and utilization of water resources, and to the establishment of feasible solutions to address both the traditional water resources management and realistic requirement.