中文摘要：

利他行为在人类社会化功能中意义重大.本文主要回顾儿童利他行为的表现特征,总结其年龄发展规律、相关因素,并从进化、认知和神经科学角度归纳其可能的机制.目前普遍认为儿童生来即具备利他意识,社会认知发展塑造其行为表现特征.而利他意识薄弱很可能是阐释孤独症谱系障碍儿童社交障碍的新视角.

英文摘要：

Altruistic behavior is very important in human＇s functions of socialization. This paper mainly reviewed characteristics of children＇s altruistic behavior and generalized its development with age and summarized its relevant mechanisms from evolutionary, cognitive and neuroscience perspectives respectively. It is commonly considered that altruistic impulse exists since infants are born, and the behavior would be shaped by social cognition. Deficits in altruistic impulse probably provide a new view to explain the communication defects in autism spectrum disorder.