中文摘要：

目的归纳整理现代临床常用粪便类中药的基本特征,挖掘分析其在古代方剂中的应用情况。方法以＂粪便＂并含＂中药＂为关键词,全面检索CNKI、万方、重庆维普、CBM数据库自建库至今公开发表的学术论文中涉及的粪便类中药,对临床常用粪便类中药进行筛选,并对其正名出处、历代别称、药物来源、性味、归经、功效主治进行整理;同时应用中国中医科学院中药研究所《中医方剂大辞典》数据库平台分别检索包含每味粪便类中药的古代方剂,以每味药物方剂总数的20%作为支持度取值个数,统计其药物组合模式,并采用关联规则算法,对粪便类中药与其他药物的内在关联性进行运算,获得每味粪便类药物常见的药物配伍模式以及可能存在的用药规则。结果现代临床仍然常用的粪便类中药共有11味。它们分别被记载于多本中医药学专著中,别称繁多、药物来源广泛;其药性寒、热各异,药味涵盖酸、苦、甘、辛、咸,归经分属肝（胆）、心（心包）、脾（胃）、肺（大肠）、肾（膀胱）经;主治功效有解表、清热、祛风除湿、消滞、化瘀通络、化痰止咳平喘、息风、开窍、攻毒杀虫止痒、拔毒化腐生肌等不同;11味粪便类中药共检索到相关方剂1 550个,每味药均有其内在药物组合模式及关联规则。结论粪便类中药在我国有着悠久的应用历史,对粪便类中药进行深入挖掘和创新应用,将在肠道微生态研究领域及各系统疾病的诊治中有着非常广阔的研究及应用价值。

英文摘要：

Objective To summarize the basic characteristics of fecal class Chinese medicines in modern clinical practice,and to find out the application of them in ancient prescriptions. Methods Taking ＂feces＂（ Chinese： 粪便; pinyin： fènbiàn） and ＂Chinese medicines＂（ Chinese： 中药; pinyin： zhōngyào）as the keywords,we searched CNKI,Wangfang,CQVIP and CBM databases of relevant articles published since the time of establishment. Then the fecal class Chinese medicines were screened. What we obtained were where the official names came from,what their alternative names were at different times,which creatures they were excreted from,what property and flavor,meridian tropism,efficacy and indications they had. Furthermore,we searched the ancient prescriptions involving fecal class Chinese medicines using the database platform of Dictionary of Chinese Medicine Prescriptions,institute of Chinese Materia Medical of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences to get the common compatibility and potential rules of clinical application. Results Total eleven fecal class Chinese were common used in modern clinical practice,which were recorded in various monographs of Chinese medicine by numerous names,and were excreted from birds,mammals and worm. The nature of the medicines were hot or cold;the flavor coved sour,bitter,sweet,bitter,salty; the meridian tropism lied in meridian of liver（ gall bladder）,heart（ cardiac）,spleen（ stomach）,lung（ intestine） and kidney（ bladder）; the various effects were listed as the following： resolving superficies,clearing heat,dispelling pathogenic wind and removing dampness,resolving stagnation,expelling blood stasisfor removing obstruction in collaterals,removing phlegm,relieving cough,calming endogenous wind,inducing resuscitation,removing toxicity,destroying parasites,relieve itching,eliminating necrotic tissues and promoting granulation. In addition,we extracted relevant 1 550 relevant prescriptions containing the eleven medicines which had the internal ph