中文摘要：

青年马克思的博士论文是马克思思想成长历程中的一个极其重要的文本,它是马克思后来取得一系列思想成果的前提。怀着对人的自由与解放的关怀,青年马克思通过对德谟克利特的自然哲学与伊壁鸠鲁的自然哲学的比较性研究,强调了伊壁鸠鲁自然哲学的重要性和深刻性,凸显了主体自我意识的自由建构在古希腊哲学史上的重要性,并以此来进一步凸显青年黑格尔派的自我意识哲学之于当时德国哲学的重要性。德谟克利特的自然哲学由于局限于＂实证科学＂（经验知识）而致使＂自我意识＂的丢失与＂自由＂的逃离,因而难以达到真正的完善;伊壁鸠鲁却跳出了实证科学的藩篱而进入到＂自我意识＂的主观唯心主义立场上,最终获得了心灵的自由。与伊壁鸠鲁的自由观不同,马克思强调的是有外在约束与制约作用的＂定在中的自由＂。博士论文是青年马克思希望通过对自我的主体意识的强调来实现对当时的不自由的专制制度进行变革的愿望。这一文本是马克思早期思想发展阶段的重要构成部分,是青年马克思主观唯心主义立场的真实表现。

英文摘要：

Young Marx＇s Doctoral dissertation is an extremely important text in the course of Marx＇s thought development, which is the premise of Marx later made a series of ideological achievements. With a passion for freedom and liberation of the people caring for the young Marx through comparative study of natural philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus natural philosophy, emphasizing the importance of the natural philosophy of Epicurus and profundity, highlights the main construction of the importance of self-consciousness of freedom in the history of ancient Greek philosophy, and in order to further highlight the philosophy of self-consciousness of the importance of young Hegelian philosophy in Germany at that time. Because of the limited natural philosophy Democritus ＂empirical science＂ （experiential knowledge）, which results in ＂self-consciousness＂ is missing and ＂freedom＂ to flee,making it difficult to achieve a real improvement ~ Epicurus, but out of the empirical science barriers and into the ＂self-consciousness＂ of subjective idealism position,eventually won the freedom of the mind. Epicurean concept of freedom is different. Marx emphasized that there are external constraints and the constraints of the role of ＂freedom given in＂. Doctoral Dissertation emphasized on self-consciousness,and to achieve the aspirations of the then illiberal authoritarian regime change. This text is an important component of Marx＇ s early stage of development thinking,is the true performance of the young Marx subjective idealist positions.