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中文摘要：
根据轮对的准静态平衡方程确定车轮脱轨的临界条件。定义横向蠕滑力与法向力之比为等效摩擦系数，研究冲角和摩擦系数对脱轨临界状态时等效摩擦系数的影响规律。结果表明：轮缘接触侧和踏面接触侧的等效摩擦系数均与冲角呈现明显的反曲函数特征。通过以Boltzmann反曲函数拟和等效摩擦系数与冲角及摩擦系数的关系，提出了考虑冲角、摩擦系数及轮缘角影响的改进脱轨系数判别公式和轮重减载率公式。改进的脱轨系数判别公式不失Nadal脱轨准则的简洁性，改进的轮重减载率公式能够考虑作用于轮对上的横向力和垂向力的影响。改进公式的准确度受轮缘角和摩擦系数的影响不大，对不同的轮轨踏面配合及不同摩擦系数均可提供满意的脱轨判别限值。
英文摘要：
The critical conditions giving rise to the incipient derailment of a wheel are examined according to the quasi-static equilibrium equations of a wheelset. The equivalent coefficient of friction is defined as the ratio of the lateral creep force to normal force, and the effects of the attack angle and the friction coefficient on the equivalent coefficient of friction are studied. It is found that the sigmoidal relationships be- tween equivalent coefficient of friction and the attack angle are apparent for both the flanging wheel and non-flanging wheel. The improved criteria including the derailment criterion and wheel unloading rate criterion, which take the effects of the attack angle, the friction coefficient and the flange angle into account, are proposed through Boltzmann curve-fitting the equivalent coefficients of friction as functions of the attack angle and the friction coefficient for the flanging wheel and non-flanging wheel respectively. The improved derailment criterion maintains the simplicity of Nadal＇s formula, while the improved wheel unloading rate criterion takes the effect of lateral and vertical suspension forces exerted on the wheelset into consideration. The flange angle and the friction coefficient have little effect on the accuracy of the improved criteria, which guarantees the effectiveness of the improved criteria for different wheel/rail profiles and different coefficients of friction.
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