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中文摘要：
本文利用数值方法分析地铁车轮辐板安装刹车盘对其声辐射特性的影响。数值分析中,首先根据某新型地铁车轮的实际尺寸建立车轮的三维实体有限元模型,基于模态叠加法计算该车轮在不同激励下的动态响应。计算动态响应时考虑轮轨名义滚动圆处法向单位力、轮缘根部横向单位力和轮轨名义滚动圆处轮轨表面粗糙度等效力3种激励对地铁车轮振动特性的影响。利用有限元算得的车轮振动结果,生成声学网格速度边界条件,通过声学边界元法计算车轮的声辐射特征。分析结果表明,车轮声辐射主要来自车轮辐板轴向贡献,踏面径向贡献相比之下不显著。另外,刹车盘能起到对辐板声屏障的作用,从而衰减来自车轮辐板的噪声辐射。车轮辐板安装刹车盘后,在通过小半径曲线时,可以有效降低轮轨横向力作用下激发出的车轮轴向模态振动噪声,同时对车轮的直线滚动噪声也有一定的抑制作用。另外,刹车盘对车轮轴向辐射声场的指向性有较显著影响。
英文摘要：
The effect of the web-mounted braking disc on the sound radiation characteristics of a Metro wheel is analyzed with the numerical method.In the analysis procedure,the three-dimensional finite element model for the wheel is developed and the frequency responses under different excitations are calculated on the basis of the modal summation method.In the dynamic response calculation,three types of exciting forces are considered： the normal unit force at the nominal rolling circle,horizontal unit force at the wheel flange and vertical equivalent irregularity force depending on the average roughness of the wheel and rail at the nominal rolling circle.Then the velocity boundary conditions for the acoustic model are formed by using the vibrations of the structure,and the sound radiation characteristics are calculated with the acoustic boundary element method.The numerical results indicate that that the sound radiation of the wheel is mainly due to the axial vibration of the wheel web,and the noises induced by the radial vibration of the wheel tread are not prominent,compared with those induced by the axial vibration of the wheel web.Besides,the web-mounted braking disc can act as a web-fitted noise screen which can mitigate the noises radiated from the wheel web.When the wheel negotiates a sharp curve,the noises are induced by the axial vibration which is excited by the contact forces at the wheel flange in the lateral direction.After mounting the discs on the web,this type of noises can be effectively reduced.In the meantime,the web-mounted braking discs can also reduce the wheel component of rolling noise to some extent.Besides,This type of discs has a significant influence on the sound radiation directivity,especially in the axial direction.
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