中文摘要：

由抗生素在畜牧养殖业中的滥用造成的水环境污染问题及其对水生生物的毒害作用日益受到关注。用0．5—1．5g／L的氯霉素（Chloramphenic01）、红霉素（Erythromycin）和0．01—0．5g／L的四环素（Tetracycline）对热带爪蟾（Xenopustropicalis）胚胎进行72h暴露。结果表明，1．25g／L和1．5g／L的氯霉素使胚胎存活率分别下降了7％和14％，红霉素对胚胎存活无明显影响，0．5g／L四环素导致胚胎全部死亡。1．5g／L的氯霉素和红霉素使胚胎体长分别减少了7％和9％，0．25g／L的四环素使胚胎体长减少了4％。3种抗生素能引起围心腔水肿、泄殖腔增大或拉长、肛门扩张和尾部弯曲等多种畸形现象，1．5异／L的氯霉素造成的总畸形率和围心腔水肿率分别为44％和34％；1．5g／L的红霉索造成的总畸形率和泄殖腔增大率分别为22％和20％；0．25g／L四环素造成的总畸形率和肛门扩张率分别为75％和59％。3种抗生素对热带爪蟾胚胎的发育毒性从大到小为四环素、氯霉素、红霉素。

英文摘要：

In this paper, we have turned our efforts to the study of the effects of chloramphenicol erythromycin and tetracycline on the growing Xenopus tropicalis embryos. As is well known, due to the abuse of antibiotics in the aquaculture industry and the livestock hus- bandry, it has been found that antibiotics has made more and more serious impact on the aquatic environment, including the growth of Xenopus tropicalis embryos. Therefore, global declining amphibian populations have drawn special attention since the early 1990s, but the trend of increased use of pesticides and other toxic chemicals can- not be stopped but keep going on, which becomes one of the underly- ing reasons responsible for the worsening trend. This paper reveals the results of our experimental fact on how the embryos of Xenopus tropicalis, a kind of West African clawed frog has been seriously af- fected from the stage NF 11 - 12 to 0.5 - 1.5 g/L chloramphenicol （CAP）, 0.5 - 1.5 g/L erythromycin （ETM）, and 0.01 - 0.5 g/L tetracycline （TC） for 72 h. The surviving embryos were anaesthetized with MS- 222 and fixed in formaldehyde for morphological observa- tions. The survival embryos were then tested and investigated to find the degree for their being affected. After the exposure, CAP was found decreased by 7% at 1.25 g/L and 14% at 1.5 g/L, ETM showed no significant effect on the percent of survival, and 0.5 g/L TC led to the death of all embryos. CAP and ETM reduced the whole body length by 7% and 9% at 1.5 g/L, and 0.25 g/L TC decreased the whole body length by 4 %. The multiple malformations of the em- bryos that antibiotics may lead to include pericardial edema, enlarged proctodaeums, extended anal, small eyes and bent tails. The per- eentage of total malformation and pericardial edema proves to be 44 % and 34% in 1.5 g/L CAP treatment group, whereas the percent of total malformation and enlarged proctodaeums turned to be 22 % and 20% in 1.5 g/L ETM treatment group. What is more serious, the percent of total malformation and extended