中文摘要：

小分子RNA,包括siRNA、miRNA、piRNA等,在基因表达调控过程中扮演了至关重要的角色.对小分子RNA生物发生和功能的认知将有助于促进基因沉默的机制研究和基因治疗.本文归纳了近些年关于小分子RNA的重大研究成果以及应用于毒理学研究的案例,并对毒理学未来研究小分子RNA的重点和方向作出展望.

英文摘要：

mall RNAs,including siRNA,miRNA,piRNA and so on,play key roles during the processes of regulating the gene expression.The comprehension about the biogenesis and function of small RNAs will help to improve mechanistic study of gene silencing and gene therapy application,and can also contribute to toxicology in future.This review summarizes significant achievements in the recent years on small RNAs,and some cases of toxicological applications.It also provides outlook for the research directions and focus of small RNAs in toxicology studies in the future.