为探讨特征相似性和因果解释在个体归纳推理中的作用,在控制知识经验影响的前提下,设置了非决定性的因果关系,操纵了因果机制强度和前提与结论对象之间的特征相似性水平,结果发现:(1)实验1结果显示,相似性和因果解释在归纳推理中的效应均显著,相似性效应随因果解释强度的减弱而增强,相似性与因果解释的相互作用影响归纳推理。(2)实验2结果显示,当基于相似性推论与基于因果解释推论产生冲突时,相似性和因果解释在归纳推理中的效应均显著,二者的交互作用不显著。在强、弱两种因果解释条件下,相似性在归纳推理中的效应均非常显著。总的结果表明特征相似性与因果解释共同影响个体的归纳推理,人们会整合两种信息进行归纳推理。
With experimentally-provided causal knowledge to control domain knowledge,this study manipulated the power of causal mechanism and the level of similarity to explore the role of feature similarity and causal explanations in inductive reasoning. The results suggested that both the role of similarity and causal explanations in inductive reasoning were obvious,and they coexisted in inductive reasoning. Both similarity and casual explanation were taken into account when people made inductive inference.