中文摘要：

本研究以两个时期（1980年、2007年）收集的来自云南15个州、市有代表性的601份水稻农家品种为试验材料,在云南西双版纳和海南三亚种植鉴定,调查记载了播抽历期、株高、穗长、有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重、谷粒长、谷粒宽、长宽比、穗抽出度、剑叶长和剑叶宽等13个农艺性状,并分析了两个不同时期收集群体间的表型和多样性指数差异。研究表明,在云南西双版纳和海南三亚,播抽历期、株高、每穗粒数、谷粒宽、长宽比、穗抽出度等6个性状的表型平均值在两个时期间均表现为显著或极显著差异,而且播抽历期、每穗粒数、长宽比的均值表现为2007年收集的群体（简称G2群体）高于1980年收集的群体（简称G1群体）,株高、谷粒宽、穗抽出度的均值表现为G1群体高于G2群体。在两种植地点两个群体的变异系数在两时期间差异均不显著,多样性指数在云南种植地点有显著差异。对两个时期间不同州、市的表型多样性分析发现,在两个种植地点,各州、市在两个时期间的表型多样性指数差异不显著。对不同时期收集的籼、粳两亚群间多样性比较表明,两个群体中粳稻亚群的平均多样性指数均高于籼稻亚群;籼稻亚群的平均多样性指数在两个种植地点均是G2群体（1.845/1.867）高于G1群体（1.791/1.830）,而粳稻亚群的平均多样性指数则相反。综上所述,近30年来云南水稻农家品种的表型变异在两个时期间无显著差异,但总体表现为播抽历期变长,株高变矮,每穗粒数变多,谷粒长宽比变大,穗抽出度变短等趋势,表型性状的多样性指数也有增加的趋势。

英文摘要：

A total of 601 accessions of representative rice landraces from 15 prefectures of Yunnan in two different periods（ 1980 and 2007,respectively） were cellected to dissect the phenotypic variation and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index（ H＇） difference. Totally,thirteen agronomic traits were phenotyped in Xishuangbanna Yunnan and Sanya Hainan,i. e. days to heading,plant height,panicle length,panicle number per plant,spikelet number per panicle,seed setting rate,1000-grain weight,grain length,grain width,ratio of length to width for grain,panicle exsertion,flag leaf length and flag leaf width. Days to heading,plant height,spikelet number per panicle,grain width,ratio of length to width for grain and panicle exsertion showed significant or even highly significant difference between thetwo periods. In addition,days to heading,spikelet number per panicle,and ratio of length to width for grain of population collected from 2007（ named G2 population） were higher than that from 1980（ named G1 population）. By contrast,the means of plant height,grain width,and panicle exsertion from G2 population were higher. In these two planting places the coefficient of variations（ CV） of the two populations showed non-significant difference,while the diversity index H＇ showed significant difference in Yunnan. In both planting places,the average H＇ of different prefectures or cities showed non-significant difference between G1 and G2. In the two subpopulations collected from these two periods,the H＇（ 1. 845 /1. 867） in 2007 was higher than in 1980（ 1. 791 /1. 830） in indica subpopulation,while it was higher in 1980（ 1. 898 /1. 888） than in 2007（ 1. 875 /1. 835） in japonica subpopulation. Japonica subpopulation was of higher H＇ than indica subpopulation in both periods and planting places. All these results indicated that the phenotypic variation of rice landrace varieties in 2007 was similar to in 1980. However,days to heading,spikelet number per panicle,and ratio of length to width for grain we