中文摘要：

覆盖问题是涉及物流、交通等设施选址领域中的重要分支，近年来在管理决策领域引起了广泛关注。但传统覆盖理论在实际问题的解决中存在着较为明显的缺陷，主要体现在对覆盖半径的考虑脱离实际和决策目标的定义上不能很好地应用于实践。基于服务质量的视角，借助对覆盖函数和决策目标的描述对现有选址模型进行了改进，使得模型在实践中更具实用性和可操作性。同时结合定性和定量的因素，在对服务质量的因素考虑中使用基于模糊集合的多目标优化对逐渐覆盖问题进行了完善。提出了基于服务质量的多目标逐渐覆盖选址模型，并通过算例和数据验证了模型和算法的有效性。实验数据表明，多目标均衡下的求解结果可为决策者在不同约束条件下提供更多选择。

英文摘要：

Covering problem, as an important branch in facility location involving logistics, transportation and other areas, has aroused widespread interest in the field of management decision-making in recent years. But there are obvious defects in classical covering theory for practical applications. This is mainly because the unrealistic covering radius and the defects of decision goal＇s definition cannot be well applied in practice. We modified the existing location models more applicable and operable in practice by the description of covering functions and decision goals. Considering the combination of qualitative and quantitative factors, we improved the gradual covering problem in the perspective of service quality by using fuzzy sets and multi-objective optimization. We proposed a new multi-objective gradual covering location model based on service quality, and the computational result validated the effectiveness of the model and solution algorithm. The experimental data show that multi-objective equilibrium solution can provide more options for decision-makers under different constraints.