中文摘要：

采用PCNA免疫组化法和TUNEL染色法，并结合光、电镜技术研究天府肉鸭胚胎及胚后发育期腔上囊淋巴细胞增殖与凋亡的动态变化规律。结果显示胚胎期腔上囊淋巴细胞增殖明显，其滤泡淋巴细胞增殖指数（PIF）随胚龄增加而逐渐增高，26d胚龄达峰值。胚后期各组滤泡皮质淋巴细胞增殖指数（PIC）和髓质淋巴细胞增殖指数（PIM）均呈下降趋势；各组PIM均明显高于PIC。胚胎期腔上囊滤泡淋巴细胞凋亡指数（AIF）随胚龄增大而逐渐增高。胚后期O～3周龄滤泡髓质淋巴细胞凋亡指数（AIM）继续增高，滤泡皮质淋巴细胞凋亡指数（AIC）则无明显变化；AIC和AIM在5周龄下降，17周龄明显升高，29周龄达峰值。胚后0～14周龄，各组AIM均明显高、于AIC，而17～29周龄AIM则明显低于AIC。凋亡淋巴细胞核呈现多种形态，线粒体肿胀，嵴断裂。结果提示淋巴细胞增殖与凋亡在鸭腔上囊胚胎及胚后发育的整个过程中普遍存在，具有明显增龄变化特性，二者协同参与腔上囊发育和退化过程。

英文摘要：

By proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA） immunohistochemisty, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling（TUNEL）, light and electron microscopy techniques, the changing patterns of lymphocyte proliferation and apoptosis during the embryonic and post embryonic development of the Tianfu duck bursa of Fabricius were studied. In the embryonic period, the lymphocyte proliferation in the bursa was prominent. As the embryos grew, the proliferative index of lymphocytes in the follicle （PIF） increased gradually, and reached the peak at 26 embryonic days. After hatching, both proliferative indexes of lymphocyte in the cortex （PIC） and medullar （PIM） in each age group dropped progressively. PIM was higher than PIC in each group. Doring the embryonic development of the organ, the apoptosis index of lymphocyte in the follicle （AIF） increased gradually. During 0-3 weeks posthatching, the apoptosis index of lymphocytes in the medullar （AIM） rose continually, whereas the apoptosis index of lymphocytes in the cortex （AIC） kept unchanged. Both AIM and AIC decreased at 5 v~eeks and increased at 17 weeks, reaching their plateaus at 29 weeks. During 0-14 weeks after hatching, AIM in each group was higher than AIC, whereas AIM in each group was lower than AIC during 17-29 weeks. The nucleus of apoptotic lymphocytes with swollen mitochondria and brokencristae mitochondriales presented different futures. The results indicated that the proliferation and apoptosis of lymphocytes exist universally during the normal embryonic and post embryonicdevelopment of the duck bursa of Fabricius which undergoes obvious age-related changes, and then supervise and control the whole development, and regression of the bursa cooperatively.