中文摘要：

肿瘤的形成受遗传学修饰和表观遗传修饰的影响。长期以来人们一直认为基因突变参与肿瘤的形成，近年来越来越多的证据表明，表观遗传修饰在肿瘤进展中同样具有非常重要的作用。表观遗传调控可以影响基因转录活性而不涉及DNA序列的改变。本文介绍了肿瘤发生发展过程中出现的表观遗传修饰异常，以及通过干预表观遗传修饰治疗肿瘤的应用前景。

英文摘要：

Carcinogenesis springs from the combined forces of both genetic and epigenetic events. Although the importance of genetic mutations and deletion in cancer have long been recognized, the role of epigenetic modification including DNA methylation and histone modification has been suggested more recently. An epigenetic event alters the activity of genes without changing their structure. This review focuses on the epigenetic molecular mechanisms involved in cancer onset and progression, and discusses the possibility of new strategies in the development of anticancer treatments.