下丘脑室旁核(hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus,PVN)位于下丘脑的上端第三脑室两侧,是下丘脑前区最显著的核团之一,在下丘脑对内脏活动的调节中占有重要地位。哺乳类的室旁核大多由大细胞神经元和小细胞神经元共同组成。大鼠室旁核的大细胞神经元可分为三部分,即:前大细胞核、内侧大细胞核及后大细胞核。室旁核小细胞神经元可分为五部分:室旁核室周核、室旁核前小细胞核、室旁核内侧小细胞核、室旁核背侧小细胞核及室旁核外侧小细胞部。PVN有广泛的投射,与脑干、边缘系统、脊髓及垂体等均有密切的联系,能合成或分泌30种左右的神经递质和调质,如促皮质激素释放激素(CRF),加压素(AVP),催产素(OXT),血管紧张素Ⅱ(ANGⅡ),神经肽Y(NPY),胆囊收缩素(CCK),神经降压素(NT),脑啡肽等,以及近年来发现的脑肠肽如Ghrelin和Apelin等。
Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is an important nucleus of regulating viscera - functions, which contains many transmitters and projects extensively. PVN and its peptidergic neurons take part in regulating various activities of the stomach, e. g. its secretion, electrical activation and gastric motor. Fos - immunoreactive neurons in the PVN were largely expressed after gastric noxious stimuli. The activation of neurons in PVN takes part in regulating various gastric mucosal injuries via the mediation of vagus and sympathetic nerve or neuroendocrine pathways to change the aggressive factors and defensive factors in gastric mucosa.