中文摘要：

针对地铁车辆设备因维护计划不合理导致提前更换而造成资源浪费的问题，在综合考虑设备故障维修资源不充分的动态维护因素和维护的经济性和方便性要求的基础上，提出一种基于故障率的效费比分析方法，决策设备的最佳预防性更换时机。以地铁车辆某设备为例，以设备一个更换周期内的维护成本率最小作为目标函数建立维护模型和决策设备的维护计划，并通过一种故障维修惩罚机制来减小维修资源不充分导致故障维修延时对车辆正常运行的影响。算例结果表明：该维护策略能实现设备使用价值的最大化利用，得到经济有效的预防性维护方案，可为优化车辆设备维护计划提供有力的决策支持。

英文摘要：

Unreasonable maintenance plan can limit the service life of metro vehicle equipment, which is a kind of waste of resources. By considering the dynamic maintenance factor of the inadequate maintenance resource, low - maintenance cost and maintenance convenience comprehensively, a new analysis method of cost - effectiveness was proposed based on the failure rate to determin equipment optimal replacement time. The optimal maintenance schedule could be achieved by minimizing maintenance cost rate in a replacement cycle in the model. A breakdown maintenance punishment mechanism was introduced to decrease the impact from unexpected faults repair timeout because of inadequate maintenance resource. The example results show that the maintenance policy can improve use efficiency and get a proper preventive maintenance schedule; also it can provide powerful decision support for optimization of vehicle equipment maintenance plan.