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中文摘要：
为揭示大型浅水湖泊水温分层特征及其影响因素，采用温度链，高频观测太湖水温分层的周年变化过程。结果表明：太湖水体水温的垂向温差绝大多数处在0～1oC，部分处于1～4℃，偶尔超过4℃；太湖水体水温垂向温差存在季度、月、日差异，相应的分层位置也不同；水温分层影响因素包含太阳辐射、气温、风速、水密度和比热、藻华堆积等。随着太阳辐射强度的增加，水温垂向温差先增加后减小，峰值出现在太阳辐射强度700W／m^2时。在夏秋季节风速低于4m／s时，水温垂向温差随着风速增加而下降，而超过4m／s时，则变化不大。气温的急剧变化容易使水体垂向产生较大温差。冬季低温期间由于水体密度和比热特性会产生逆温层。夏季藻华堆积可产生短期水温垂向较大温差。研究表明，作为一个水动力扰动频繁的大型浅水湖泊，仍然会存在短暂的水温分层，分层特征受气象条件控制。本研究成果对研究大型湖泊蓝藻水华的形成机制、湖泊生态模型构建和营养盐内源释放规律都有参考价值。
英文摘要：
Thermal stratification is an important factor controlling nutrient cycling and phytoplanton production in the aquatic ecosystem. To highlight the stratification characteristic of water temperature and its influence factors in large- sized and shallow lakes,the annual variation of stratification of water temperature was investigated in Lake Taihu using the thermal chain. The analysis of 6-layer water temperature data at the 2.5-m water depth shows that the vertical difference of water temperature in Lake Taihu is generally ranged between 0 and 1 ℃ ,but short-term ones also could reach high values between 1 and 4℃ ,even over 4℃ under the extreme condition. Furthermore, the vertical temperature difference in Lake Taihu varies with seasons, months and days, and the corresponding thermocline depth also changes. The many factors such as solar radiation,air temperature,wind speed, water density, specific heat and cya- nobacterial bloom and others impact on thermal stratification. With the increase of solar radiation intensity, the vertical profile of water temperature rises at first and then dips. The maximum temperature appears when the peak solar ra- diation value of about 700 W/m2 occurs. The thermal stratification weakens as the wind speed increases. However, the stratification will be stabilized when the wind speed exceeds a threshold value of 4m/s. This is especially true in summer and autumn seasons. The quicker the change in air temperature is, the larger the difference in water tempera- ture. The inversion layer may occur during cold winder seasons due to the variation of water density and specific heat. The period of strongest stratification occurs in summer due to cyanobacterial blooms. The study indicates that transient thermal stratification can be found in a large-sized shallow lake that is subjected to frequent hydrodynamic disturb- ances. The stratification characteristics of water temperature are affected by meteorological conditions. The study provides insight into the internal nutrient release p
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