大坝建设会对河流水文情势带来影响,进而影响河流生态系统。针对水电站调度对河流水文情势影响评价问题,引入分形理论,采用分形维数来评价电站调度对水文情势的影响程度,并将其用于东江上游枫树坝电站调度对其下游水文情势影响评价。采用龙川水文站49 a日流量数据进行计算,并与变差系数、峰度值进行对比分析,结果表明,分形维数与变差系数、峰度值对流量过程变化表征一致。分形维数明确表征洪水的集散程度和变化频率,即洪水集中,变化频率低,分维数相对较小;反之,分维数相对较大。同时,分形维数可以用来评价年度水文过程的自相似性。
The predicted increase in hydropower station building due to energy demand is expected to affect river water regime and,in turn,cause river ecosystem impacts.To understand the potential impact of hydropower station scheduling on river hydrological regime,this paper outlines a methodology based on fractal dimension to quantify the effects of hydropower station scheduling on river water regime for Fengshuba Hydropower Station in the upstream of the Dongjiang River in China.Using 49a observed data from the Longchuan hydrological regime.The results presented here show that the fractal dimension is consistent with coefficient of variation and peakness on the representation of hydrograph.The fractal dimension may indicate the aggregative or discrete degree and variation frequency of flood,namely the more aggregative and frequent flood is,the bigger fractal dimension is;and vice versa.Moreover,self-similarity of flow process can be estimated by the fractal dimension.