中文摘要：

在政府征收碳税背景下,考虑上下游企业组成的两级供应链：各企业可选择低碳技术研发竞争和研发合作,研发合作又可分为水平合作、垂直合作和全面合作;依此构建相应的博弈模型,从低碳技术研发水平、企业利润和净碳排放总量3个方面综合研究供应链低碳技术研发的策略选择。结果表明：从低碳技术研发水平和净碳排放总量看,研发合作优于研发竞争,且全面合作是各企业的最优策略选择;考虑到企业利润后,上游企业的最优策略选择是全面合作,下游企业的最优策略选择是垂直合作或水平合作。

英文摘要：

Under the background that government levies carbon tax on carbon emission,a supply chain including two upstream firms and two downstream firms is taken for consideration,where each firm can choose competition in environmental RD or cooperation in environmental RD which can be further divided into horizontal cooperation,vertical cooperation and general cooperation.Then four game models are constructed respectively.With equilibriums of these models,environmental RD level,profit,carbon emission and social welfare are compared under each model to determine the optimal choice of environmental RD for each firm in the supply chain.It＇s found that,from the view of environmental RD level,carbon emission and social welfare,the strategy of cooperation in environmental RD dominants the strategy of competition in environmental RD,and general cooperation in environmental RD is an optimal strategy for each firm in supply chain.Taking profit into account,general cooperation in environmental RD is also an optimal strategy for the upstream firms,but horizontal cooperation and vertical cooperation in environmental RD maybe the optimal strategy for the downstream firms.