中文摘要：

【目的】蜜蜂幼虫在饥饿状态下会通过释放特定信息素来向外界传递饥饿信号,称为蜜蜂幼虫饥饿信息素（hunger pheromone）。论文旨在研究西方蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）蜂王与雄蜂幼虫饥饿信息素化学成分及在幼虫体内的生物合成通路,明确蜜蜂幼虫与成年蜂之间的化学信息素交流机制。【方法】采集2日龄与4日龄西方蜜蜂蜂王与雄蜂幼虫及其食物,将其分为饥饿组、饲喂组与纯食物组。饲喂组幼虫平躺在预先准备好的食物表面,饥饿处理组则不提供食物。所有样品分别放入20 m L密封采样瓶中并在35℃条件下放置45 min。利用Needle trap技术从样品瓶中采集10 m L气体,富集气体中的挥发性化学物质。在气质联用进样口以250℃高温将富集的化学物质解离,并通过气质联用技术分析鉴定蜂王与雄蜂幼虫饥饿信息素。同时,采用RNA-Seq技术分析饥饿信息素在蜂王与雄蜂幼虫体内的生物合成通路及相关基因表达。【结果】从蜂王与雄蜂幼虫中分别分析鉴定出10种与9种信息素,其中蜂王幼虫含有一种特有的幼虫信息素——2-庚酮,且在蜂王食物中含量最高。E-β-罗勒烯在蜂王与雄蜂幼虫各饥饿组含量均显著高于其饲喂幼虫组与食物组,表明蜂王与雄蜂幼虫均以E-β-罗勒烯为其饥饿信息素。2日龄蜂王与雄蜂幼虫饥饿组E-β-罗勒烯含量均差异不显著,但4日龄蜂王幼虫饥饿组E-β-罗勒烯含量显著低于雄蜂幼虫组。其余8种信息素为肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、甲基棕榈酸脂、硬脂酸、棕榈油酸、十五烷酸、乙酸与乙酸乙酯,均未出现饥饿组高于其他两组的规律。其中乙酸乙酯与乙酸在食物组与饲喂组含量高于饥饿组,推测其可能来自于幼虫食物。RNA-Seq结果表明蜂王与雄蜂幼虫通过甲羟戊酸途径由乙酰辅酶A从头合成E-β-罗勒烯。发现Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase-like与Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase

英文摘要：

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to identify the hunger pheromone of honeybee queen and drone larvae and its biosynthetic pathway, which would enormously contribute to understanding of the mechanism of communication between adults and larvae in honey bees Apis mellifera. 【Method】Two- and four-day-old queen and drone larvae and their food were collected and divided into three groups： fed larvae, starving larvae and food. For the fed larvae they were lain on their relative foods prepared in advance, and for the starving larvae their foods were totally deprived. All samples were immediately put into 20 mL sealed glass bottles and were kept in an incubator under 35℃ for 45 min. Afterward, a needle trap system was employed to extract 10 mL gas from those bottles and the volatile chemicals were enriched in needles. The needles were injected into a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system and the chemicals were dissociated by a high temperature of 250℃ for identifying the hunger pheromone of honeybee queen and drone larvae. RNA-Seq was used for identifying the biosynthetic pathway of their hunger pheromone and the expression of related genes. 【Result】Nine and ten chemicals were identified in drone larvae and queen larvae, respectively, in which queen larvae had one more chemical（2-heptanone） that was the highest royal jelly. E-β-ocimene was identified as the hunger-signal pheromone of queen and drone larvae, since their starving larvae had significantly more E-β-ocimene than related fed larvae. The E-β-ocimene released from queen and drone starving larvae was not significantly different at 2-day-old, but queen larvae released significantly less E-β-ocimene than drone larvae at 4-day-old. Other eight chemicals were myristic acid, palmitic acid, methyl palmitic ester, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, acetic acid and ethyl acetate, but did not show a clear pattern that significantly more amount of these chemicals were detected in starving larvae released than fed la