中文摘要：

霍布斯试图解决近代基本政治制度设计问题,涉及公权力的合法来源与维持、私有权利和利益的合法保护与维持及两者的合理协调等问题,他构想的主权者形象“利维坦”存在一个令人不安的困境：只有超越个人权利和利益的主权者才能保障每个人的生命、安全、自由和私有财产,主权者是必要的,是合法地垄断和使用暴力的惟一主体,但是每个人都向往自由,不愿意受到强力的约束,主权者既是必要的又是不讨人喜爱的.利维坦假设的主要动机在于避免内战,君主的绝对权力成为保护人民权益的手段.个体的生命、和平与安全,离不开强权的庇佑.利维坦假设导致西方政治思想史从强者政治学转向弱者政治学,从君主美德转向制度正义.只有信任才能进行合作,只有契约才能保证合作.作为人际信任和合作的制度保障,国家和政府的强制力是必要的.基于契约和正义的制度美德,其内核仍然是国家主权,它是人民福祉的源泉和维护人权的可靠保障.

英文摘要：

Thomas Hobbes tries to design some fundamental political institutions to justify the legitimacy of sovereignty and the legality of individual rights, and to regulate the relationship between sovereign power and citizen right. He takes Leviathan as that power, a ugly image from Bible and a terrible memory for western peoples, which brings in a dilemma, that only people give up some of their individual rights and interests, they may keep their own lives, liberties and private proportions safely. Sovereign is necessary and is the only legitimate power to use forces. But every person wants to be free, he does not want to be regulated by some power or force, so sovereign is not welcome. For Hobbes, his first motive to design such a Leviathan as-absolutesovereign is to avoid civil war. And the absolute sovereign becomes the only way to protect his people. Individual lives, security and peace could not be apart from a blessing with that power. This doctrine leads to a turn from sovereign virtue to institutional justice. Even though, the sovereign is still a spring for people＇s happiness and a reliable guarantee of human rights.