中文摘要：

自从英格兰和苏格兰合并以来,在两者的互动的历史中,存在着英联邦政府向苏格兰议 会放权的制度惯性.一些英联邦政党为了自身的政治利益,做出迎合苏格兰选民的非理性决策.苏格 兰分离主义者利用这样的制度安排和政治机会,试图通过独立公投,谋求民族独立、摆脱英联邦,建 立新的民族国家.与借助暴力谋求民族独立的激进分离主义不同,苏格兰分离主义是一种温和的分离 主义.它利用现代民主手段,对寻求独立或自治的其他地区的民族分离主义者有示范作用.苏格兰分 离主义的教训是,为了国家利益,民族国家及其政党和政府要谨慎向非主体民族下放权力.温和的分 离主义对现代民族国家体系有解构作用,在性质上仍然是丑陋的.

英文摘要：

In the historical interaction bet-ween England and Scotland since their mergence, there has beentice ,that is ,the Government of Great Britain grants some power to the Scottish Parliament. For their own political interests,some political parties of Great Britain have made irrational decisions to cater to the Scottish voters. Scottish separatists often use such institutional arrangements and political opportunities to get rid of Great Britain and establish a ne^v independent nation - state through a referendum. Compared with the extreme separatists who prefer violence for national independence, the Scottishseparatists are mild separatists. This separatism adopts the democratic politics of modern times, which sets a bad example forother separatists who seek for independence or autonomy. The lesson drawnfrom the Scottish separatism is as follows： for safe-guarding the national interests, the government or the political parties of a nation - state should be cautious at implementing de-centralization for the non - dominant ethnic groups. The mild separatists play a role in deconstructing the system of a nation -state,and are still ugly and evil in nature.