中文摘要：

气道慢性炎症性疾病如慢性阻塞性肺疾病、支气管哮喘等是在各种内外界刺激因素作用下由气道固有细胞、炎症细胞和炎症因子参与的非特异性炎症性疾病。迄今已发现11种Toll样受体（TLR），均为I型跨膜受体蛋白，广泛表达于支气管上皮细胞、支气管平滑肌细胞、树突状细胞、肺泡巨噬细胞等，因其能感知病原体并直接或间接作出防御反应而在慢性气道炎症性疾病的发生发展中发挥重要作用，其中又以TLR4的作用最为突出而成为研究的热点。故深人认识TLR4与慢性气道炎症性疾病的关系将为临床治疗开辟广阔的前景。

英文摘要：

Chronic airway inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma are a kind of non-specific inflammatory diseases which are involved with airway intrinsic cells,inflammatory cells and cytokines when stimulated by the intrinsic factors or extrinsinc factors. Thus far 11 human Tollqike receptor（TLR）have already been described,all of them are transmembrane receptor of type ~[ and are expressed in a variety of cells including epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells, dendritic cells and mast cells. Such kind of receptores which have the pathogen perception and can make the defense response directly or indirectly play an important role during the development of the chronic airway inflammatory diseases. And now the function of TLR4 is so prominent to become the research hotspot. So to have a depth understanding of the relationship between the TLR4 and the chronic airway inflammatory diseases can open up broad prospect of clinical treatment.