在文化界定中,文化含义的自身规定性与文化研究的主观规定性是最具影响力的要素。从不同社会背景、学科背景、学术立场等方面出发来认识文化,不但会使文化含义在表述上千汇万状,也会影响到文化本质的表达。儒学视角中的文化含义是基于专制政治与宗法伦理而建构的,它注重思想、道德和精神方面;西学视角下的文化含义强调对人的教化和能力的培养;“马学”视角中的的文化含义则侧重于物质与精神的统一,强调文化的政治性、革命性和社会性。
In the cultural definition,the cultural determinism and the subjective prescriptiveness of cultural studies are the most influential elements.understanding culture from the different social background, academic background, academic standpoint and other aspects,not only results in a confluence of expressions of cultural meaning, but also affects the expression of cultural essence.The cultural connotation in the perspective of Confucianism is based on autocracy and patriarchal ethics,which emphasizes the ideological, moral and spiritual aspects. The cultural meanings under the perspective of Western learning emphasize the cultivation of human cultivation and ability while the cultural meanings under the Marxist perspective focus on the unity of matter and spirit, and emphasize the political, revolutionary and social nature of culture.