中文摘要：

国家治理失败是苏丹南北分立的根本原因。北方穆斯林社会精英们没有及时给英国殖民者留下的国家空壳赋予新的合法性，而按照阿拉伯伊斯兰政治视野建立的国家权力框架缺乏包容性和稳定性。苏丹人民解放运动／军（SPLM／A，简称苏人解）领导人约翰·加朗毕生追求的统一世俗民主的新苏丹最终成为了一种空想。美国因素是导致苏丹南北分立的重要外因，其介入苏丹事务受到国内宗教和人权组织的强力推动，但在具体的参与过程中也显露出了各种局限性。分立后的南苏丹则需要及时科学地进行国家制度建设，较好较快地推动独立后的和平与发展。

英文摘要：

The failure of state governance is the primary cause of Sudan＇ s separation between north and south. The narrow Arab Islamic political vision of the northern Muslim social elite not only did not establish an inclu- sive power structure for Sudan, but also failed to give new legitimacy to the old power structure the colonists left for the country, which led to John Garang＇ s unified, secular democratic new Sudan become a fantasy. The U.S. factors are the important external causes of the Sudan＇ s separation, and its involvement in Sudan＇ s affairs was promoted strongly by its domestic religious and human rights organizations, but its specific participation process revealed a variety of limitations. After separation, South Sudan needs to carry out national institution building scientifically and try to grasp the precious new opportunity effectively.