中文摘要：

苏丹民族国家建构失败的主要标志就是2011年的南北分立。究其原因,首先是苏丹长期封闭落后,缺乏统一的历史实践和民意基础。埃及人以掠夺为主要诉求的征服式治理给苏丹的南北交往留下了深刻仇恨和痛苦记忆。阿拉伯穆斯林精英们以埃及为观察世界的窗口,在独立后未能有效运转英国人留下的国家框架。苏丹政府在独立后未能借助福利或社会保障体系减缓政治和阶级冲突;由于全球化带来的时代特征转变,苏丹政府也无法借助对武装暴力的合法性垄断减缓社会冲突,苏丹最终在内外因素的共同作用下走向分裂。分立后的苏丹和南苏丹依然面临着民族国家建构的任务。

英文摘要：

The main symbol of the failure of Sudan＇s nation-state building is the North-South separation in 2011.There are many reasons for such situation.First of all,Sudan was a closed and backward society for a long time;it also lacked the practice of unification and the support of the public.Egypt＇s governance that aimed at predatory conquest brought a deep hatred and painful memories on the relationship between south and north Sudan.Sudanese Arabian Muslim elite regarded Egypt as the window to observe the world,but they did not run the national framework left by the British effectively.Sudanese government failed to ease political and class conflicts by using the welfare or social security system after independence.Meanwhile,as globalization has brought new characteristics of the times,the Sudanese government can not reduce social conflict by using the armed violence monopolized legally.Sudan finally split under the joint action of internal and external factors.After separation,both Sudan and South Sudan are facing the task of Nation-state building.