中文摘要：

目的：体外构建组织工程化神经,为周围神经缺损修复提供新的有效方法。方法：施万细胞与丝素蛋白神经移植物生物反应器中培养7d后,于丝素蛋白神经移植物两端各植入胚胎SD大鼠背根神经节（DRG）,继续培养2w,3w和4w,采用免疫细胞化学方法、透射电镜和扫描电镜观察丝素蛋白神经移植物中神经细胞的生长状态。结果：施万细胞、DRG与丝素蛋白神经移植物共培养2w后,施万细胞和DRG发出的神经突起沿着丝素纤维,呈条带状纵向平行生长;3w后透射电镜观察到髓鞘形成;4w后扫描电镜显示梭形的施万细胞与DRG发出的神经突起呈纵向平行生长,并有类似基质样结构形成。结论：施万细胞、DRG与丝素蛋白神经移植物共同培养成功进行体外构建组织工程化神经。

英文摘要：

Objective： Construction of tissue-engineered nerves in vitro provided a new effective method for the repair of peripheral nerve defects. Methods： After schwann cells were injected into the neural tube of silk fibroin for 7d in bioreactor, embryonic DRG were embedded into both ends of the tube to observe Schwann cells and DRG neurons in the tube after 2w, 3w and 4w culture. Results： Immunocytochemistry showed that schwann cell and neurite outgrowth from DRG neurons paralleled along silk fibroin after 2w culture. Transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope revealed that there was myelin sheath, synaptosome and extracellular matrix formation 3w and 4w after culture, respectively. Conclusions： The co-culture of Schwann cells, DRG and neural tube of silk fibroin succeeded in constructing the tissue-engineered nerves in vitro.