中文摘要：

自从Chevreul ME发现糖尿病患者尿液中的糖是葡萄糖，近200年的时间，糖尿病被视为一组以葡萄糖慢性增高为特征的代谢性疾病，而体内广泛存在的核糖与糖尿病之间的关系却被忽略．研究发现核糖可以降低血葡萄糖浓度，曾报道糖尿病患者可以口服核糖．本实验室前期工作表明，核糖能够迅速与蛋白质发生非酶促糖基化，形成具有强烈细胞毒性的糖基化终末产物（advanced glycation end products，AGEs），引起细胞（包括神经细胞）死亡．进一步的实验证明，虽然在给小鼠注射核糖时，血葡萄糖浓度有所降低，但是糖基化血清蛋白和AGEs均显著升高，说明核糖浓度的升高更容易使机体发生非酶促糖基化反应，产生AGEs，从而造成危害．本文采用1-（4-羧基苯基）-3-甲基-5-吡唑酮（MOPBA）结合高效液相色谱，对明确诊断的2型糖尿病患者（n = 30）和同龄健康人（n = 30）尿核糖进行了定量分析，结果显示，MOPBA-核糖衍生物与尿核糖浓度之间呈线性相关（r2=0.999），回收率达99%．经质谱分析显示，HPLC分离的糖尿病患者尿样品中含569.19 u MOPBA衍生物峰（核糖，C27H29N4O10）和599.20 u MOPBA衍生物峰（葡萄糖，C28H31N4O11）．2型糖尿病组尿核糖浓度（男性：（134.28±35.09） μmol/L；女性：（97.33±23.68） μmol/L）显著高于正常对照组（男性：（35.99±5.64） μmol/L；女性：（33.72±6.27） μmol/L） （P 〈 0.001），同时，其尿葡萄糖浓度也显著高于正常对照（P 〈 0.001）．糖尿病患者尿核糖显著高于正常人的现象提示，2型糖尿病不但葡萄糖代谢异常，同时核糖代谢也发生了异常．

英文摘要：

In 1815, the French chemist Michel Eugene Chevreul （1786-1889） discovered that the sweetness in the urine of diabetics comes from grape sugar or D-glucose. Diabetes mellitus （DM） is considered as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia （high concentration of blood D-glucose） resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. On the other hand, D-ribose as an energetic enhancer was found to decrease the concentration of blood D-glucose, and thus ＂Oral administration of D-ribose in diabetes mellitus＂ was ever described by Steinberg and colleagues （1970）. As described previously in this laboratory, D-ribose rapidly glycates proteins, such as BSA, neuronal Tau and α-synuclein, producing advanced glycation end products （AGEs） with severe cytotoxicity, leading to dysfunction and cell death, in vitro and in vivo. Intraperitoneal injection of D-ribose into mice significantly increases their glycated serum protein and blood AGEs though the concentration of D-glucose became slightly decreased, suggesting that D-ribose is much easier to produce AGEs than D-glucose in vivo. Here, using 4-（3-Methyl-5-oxo-2-pyrazolin-1-yl） benzoic acid （MOPBA） coupled with HPLC, we determined the concentration of uric D-ribose of type 2 diabetic patients （n=30） and the age-matched healthy controls （n=30）. The results show that the yield of the derivative of MOPBA-ribose is linearly correlated with the concentration of D-ribose （r2=0.999） with a recovery of 99%. The isolated fractions of D-ribose and D-glucose from urine of type 2 diabetic patients through HPLC were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and the results showed that the fractions contained 569.19 u compound （C27H29N4O10, D-ribose）, and 599.20 u compound （C28H31N4O11, D-glucose） respectively. The concentration of uric D-ribose of Type 2 diabetics （male （134.28±35.09） μmol/L, female （97.33±23.68） μmol/L） was significantly （P 〈 0.001） higher than that of the age-matched health