中文摘要：

以白云母（mica）、聚磷酸铵（APP）和可膨胀石墨（EG）为阻燃剂,采用一步全水发泡法制备了可瓷化聚氨酯泡沫复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、热失重分析仪和极限氧指数仪（LOI）对产物的显微结构、物相、热降解过程和阻燃性能进行了表征与分析。结果表明,mica/APP/EG复配体系能够使可瓷化聚氨酯泡沫复合材料高温烧蚀后的残留产物形成多孔陶瓷相结构,即成功制备出可瓷化聚氨酯泡沫复合材料,陶瓷层的主要成分为AlPO4、KAl3Si3O11和KAl5O8,当mica含量为泡沫总质量的20%,APP含量为8%,EG含量为2%时,PU/mica/APP/EG800℃时的残留率较聚氨酯（PU）提高了299%,表明复合材料不仅耐高温而且高温残留率高,PU/mica/APP/EG的LOI值高达34.5%,阻燃性能优异。

英文摘要：

Using mica, ammonium polyphosphate（APP） and expandable graphite（EG） as flame retardant, ceramic polyurethane foam composites were prepared by one-step water foaming method. The microstructure, phase composition, thermal degradation and flame retardant properties of the products were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, thermal gravimetric analysis （TG） and the limit oxygen index （LOI）. The experimental results show that the miea/APP/EG composite system can make the residual products of the ceramic polyurethane foam composites form a kind of porous ceramic structure, which indicates that ceramic polyurethane foam composites were successfully prepared. The main components of the ceramic layer were AlPO4, KAl3 Si3 O11 , and KAl5 O8. When mica was 20% of the total mass, ammonium polyphosphate was 8% and expandable graphite was 2%, compared to polyurethane（PU）, the residual rate of PU/mica/APP/EG increased by 299 % at high temperature of 800 ℃. It shows that the resulted composites has high temperature resistance and high residue rate at high temperature. The limiting oxygen index of PU/mica/APP/EG reached 34.5 %, which shows an excellent flame retardant property.