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中文摘要：
空洞是隧道检测的重点探测病害之一,为了进一步提高探测空洞的水平,本文针对隧道衬砌中经常出现空洞的基本形状进行研究.以探地雷达理论为基础,运用时域有限差分法,建立隧道衬砌中圆形、矩形和直角三角形空洞的二维模型,进行探地雷达二维正演模拟.利用PVC管制作圆形空洞,利用纸板制作矩形和直角三角形空洞,依次将物理空洞模型分别埋于砂槽中,应用探地雷达进行探测.并在现场探测各种形状的空洞.数值模拟、实验和实测结果表明：探地雷达可以探测到圆形、矩形和直角三角形空洞的存在,分别可以确定圆心的水平位置,矩形的水平分布范围和直角三角形的水平分布范围.该研究对不同形状空洞的图像解释具有指导和参考作用.
英文摘要：
The cavity is one of most important defects in tunnel inspecting.In order to improve the level of inspecting cavity,the thesis is focus on basic shape of cavity in tunnel lining.On the basis of ground penetrating radar（GPR）theory,round,rectangle and triangle cavity 2-dimension models were designed.The typical cavities were done 2D-forward simulation by the finite difference time domain method.round cavity was made by PVC and right triangle and rectangular cavities by paper plates.We detected the round,rectangular and right triangle cavity which was installed sequence at the same position in a same sand launder by GPR.We detect some shape cavities by GPR in field.Numerical,physical simulation and field results show：GPR could detect round,rectangular and triangle cavities, We can specify horizontal position of the round cavity,the horizontal domain of rectangular and triangle cavity.The research is to supply to guide and reference for GPR images interpretation.
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